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lowering his

  • 1 Д-91

    ДЕЛО (чье) ПЛОХО coll ДЕЛО ДРЯНЬ (ШВАХ) highly coll NP these forms only VP subj. with бытье, pres only)
    1. s.o. is in very bad physical condition, is very ill, seriously injured etc: (Х-ово) дело дрянь — X is in bad shape (in a bad way)
    things look bad.
    ...Ему (Рослякову) было очень страшно опустить глаза, чтобы рану посмотреть... «Что? - спросил (Росляков) сестру, стоявшую все время возле него с нашатырём и шприцем. - Дрянь дело?» - «Да что вы, - ответила сестра. - Пустяки...» (Семенов 1)...Не IRoslyakov) was terrified of lowering his head to look at the wound... "How is it?" said Roslyakov to the nurse who stood beside him the whole time, holding the sal ammoniac and a hypodermic. "Do things look bad?" "What do you mean?" replied the nurse, "nonsense..." (1a).
    2. the situation is extremely unfavorable (for s.o.), nothing good will come of it: (Х-ово) дело дрянь - it (this) is (a) bad business
    this means trouble things are in a bad way things look bad (for X) X is in trouble (in hot water, in a real mess) the situation is bad.
    Прокурор давеча сказал - дело плохо, кто-то должен сесть в тюрьму (Тендряков 1). The Prosecutor had said yesterday that it was a bad business, and that someone could go to prison for it (1a).
    ...(Дядя Сандро) уныло поднялся в дом, где не только не нашли Тали, а, наоборот, обнаружили, что исчез патефон... Тут всем стало ясно, что дело плохо, и стали искать её обратные следы... (Искандер). Не (Uncle Sandro) climbed dolefully up to the house, where they not only had not found Tali, but, on the contrary, had discovered that the phonograph was gone....By now it was clear to everyone that this was bad business. They began hunting for her return tracks.. (3a).
    Жена прокурора... стала уверять (Хабуга), что прокурора нету дома, что он завтра будет у себя в кабинете и что он вообще теперь про дела разговаривает только у себя в кабинете. Тут старый Хабуг понял, что дело плохо, но решил подождать до следующего дня (Искандер 3).. The magistrates wife...assured him (Khabug) that the magistrate was not home, that he would be in his office tomorrow, and that nowadays he generally discussed business only in his office. Old Khabug realized that this meant trouble, but he decided to wait until the next day (3a).
    Он (адвокат) меня слушает, изредка задаёт вопросы, прикрывая рот ладонью, - признак, что алкаш... Я вижу перед собой алкаша, понимаю, что дело плохо... с таким алкашом мы дело проиграем... (Рыбаков 1). Не (the lawyer) listened to me, putting a question occasionally, and covering his mouth with his hand, the sure sign of a drunk....1 was looking at an alcoholic and I knew the situation was bad... with an alcoholic like this one we would lose the case... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-91

  • 2 дело дрянь

    ДЕЛО( чье) ПЛОХО coll; ДЕЛО ДРЯНЬ < ШВАХ> highly coll
    [NP; these forms only; VPsubj with быть, pres only]
    =====
    1. s.o. is in very bad physical condition, is very ill, seriously injured etc:
    - (Х-ово) дело дрянь X is in bad shape (in a bad way);
    - things look bad.
         ♦...Ему [Рослякову] было очень страшно опустить глаза, чтобы рану посмотреть... " Что? - спросил [Росляков] сестру, стоявшую все время возле него с нашатырём и шприцем. - Дрянь дело?" - "Да что вы, - ответила сестра. - Пустяки..." (Семенов 1)... Не [Roslyakov] was terrified of lowering his head to look at the wound... "How is it?" said Roslyakov to the nurse who stood beside him the whole time, holding the sal ammoniac and a hypodermic. "Do things look bad?" "What do you mean?" replied the nurse, "nonsense..." (1a).
    2. the situation is extremely unfavorable (for s.o.), nothing good will come of it:
    - (Х-ово) дело дрянь it (this) is (a) bad business;
    - X is in trouble (in hot water, in a real mess);
    - the situation is bad.
         ♦ Прокурор давеча сказал - дело плохо, кто-то должен сесть в тюрьму (Тендряков 1). The Prosecutor had said yesterday that it was a bad business, and that someone could go to prison for it (1a).
         ♦...[Дядя Сандро] уныло поднялся в дом, где не только не нашли Тали, а, наоборот, обнаружили, что исчез патефон... Тут всем стало ясно, что дело плохо, и стали искать её обратные следы... (Искандер). Не [Uncle Sandro] climbed dolefully up to the house, where they not only had not found Tali, but, on the contrary, had discovered that the phonograph was gone....By now it was clear to everyone that this was bad business. They began hunting for her return tracks.. (3a).
         ♦...Жена прокурора... стала уверять [Хабуга], что прокурора нету дома, что он завтра будет у себя в кабинете и что он вообще теперь про дела разговаривает только у себя в кабинете. Тут старый Хабуг понял, что дело плохо, но решил подождать до следующего дня (Искандер 3). The magistrates wife...assured him [Khabug] that the magistrate was not home, that he would be in his office tomorrow, and that nowadays he generally discussed business only in his office. Old Khabug realized that this meant trouble, but he decided to wait until the next day (3a).
         ♦ Он [адвокат] меня слушает, изредка задаёт вопросы, прикрывая рот ладонью, - признак, что алкаш... Я вижу перед собой алкаша, понимаю, что дело плохо... с таким алкашом мы дело проиграем... (Рыбаков 1). Не [the lawyer] listened to me, putting a question occasionally, and covering his mouth with his hand, the sure sign of a drunk....I was looking at an alcoholic and I knew the situation was bad... with an alcoholic like this one we would lose the case... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > дело дрянь

  • 3 дело плохо

    [NP; these forms only; VPsubj with быть, pres only]
    =====
    1. s.o. is in very bad physical condition, is very ill, seriously injured etc:
    - things look bad.
         ♦...Ему [Рослякову] было очень страшно опустить глаза, чтобы рану посмотреть... " Что? - спросил [Росляков] сестру, стоявшую все время возле него с нашатырём и шприцем. - Дрянь дело?" - "Да что вы, - ответила сестра. - Пустяки..." (Семенов 1)... Не [Roslyakov] was terrified of lowering his head to look at the wound... "How is it?" said Roslyakov to the nurse who stood beside him the whole time, holding the sal ammoniac and a hypodermic. "Do things look bad?" "What do you mean?" replied the nurse, "nonsense..." (1a).
    2. the situation is extremely unfavorable (for s.o.), nothing good will come of it:
    - X is in trouble (in hot water, in a real mess);
    - the situation is bad.
         ♦ Прокурор давеча сказал - дело плохо, кто-то должен сесть в тюрьму (Тендряков 1). The Prosecutor had said yesterday that it was a bad business, and that someone could go to prison for it (1a).
         ♦...[Дядя Сандро] уныло поднялся в дом, где не только не нашли Тали, а, наоборот, обнаружили, что исчез патефон... Тут всем стало ясно, что дело плохо, и стали искать её обратные следы... (Искандер). Не [Uncle Sandro] climbed dolefully up to the house, where they not only had not found Tali, but, on the contrary, had discovered that the phonograph was gone....By now it was clear to everyone that this was bad business. They began hunting for her return tracks.. (3a).
         ♦...Жена прокурора... стала уверять [Хабуга], что прокурора нету дома, что он завтра будет у себя в кабинете и что он вообще теперь про дела разговаривает только у себя в кабинете. Тут старый Хабуг понял, что дело плохо, но решил подождать до следующего дня (Искандер 3). The magistrates wife...assured him [Khabug] that the magistrate was not home, that he would be in his office tomorrow, and that nowadays he generally discussed business only in his office. Old Khabug realized that this meant trouble, but he decided to wait until the next day (3a).
         ♦ Он [адвокат] меня слушает, изредка задаёт вопросы, прикрывая рот ладонью, - признак, что алкаш... Я вижу перед собой алкаша, понимаю, что дело плохо... с таким алкашом мы дело проиграем... (Рыбаков 1). Не [the lawyer] listened to me, putting a question occasionally, and covering his mouth with his hand, the sure sign of a drunk....I was looking at an alcoholic and I knew the situation was bad... with an alcoholic like this one we would lose the case... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > дело плохо

  • 4 дело швах

    [NP; these forms only; VPsubj with быть, pres only]
    =====
    1. s.o. is in very bad physical condition, is very ill, seriously injured etc:
    - things look bad.
         ♦...Ему [Рослякову] было очень страшно опустить глаза, чтобы рану посмотреть... " Что? - спросил [Росляков] сестру, стоявшую все время возле него с нашатырём и шприцем. - Дрянь дело?" - "Да что вы, - ответила сестра. - Пустяки..." (Семенов 1)... Не [Roslyakov] was terrified of lowering his head to look at the wound... "How is it?" said Roslyakov to the nurse who stood beside him the whole time, holding the sal ammoniac and a hypodermic. "Do things look bad?" "What do you mean?" replied the nurse, "nonsense..." (1a).
    2. the situation is extremely unfavorable (for s.o.), nothing good will come of it:
    - X is in trouble (in hot water, in a real mess);
    - the situation is bad.
         ♦ Прокурор давеча сказал - дело плохо, кто-то должен сесть в тюрьму (Тендряков 1). The Prosecutor had said yesterday that it was a bad business, and that someone could go to prison for it (1a).
         ♦...[Дядя Сандро] уныло поднялся в дом, где не только не нашли Тали, а, наоборот, обнаружили, что исчез патефон... Тут всем стало ясно, что дело плохо, и стали искать её обратные следы... (Искандер). Не [Uncle Sandro] climbed dolefully up to the house, where they not only had not found Tali, but, on the contrary, had discovered that the phonograph was gone....By now it was clear to everyone that this was bad business. They began hunting for her return tracks.. (3a).
         ♦...Жена прокурора... стала уверять [Хабуга], что прокурора нету дома, что он завтра будет у себя в кабинете и что он вообще теперь про дела разговаривает только у себя в кабинете. Тут старый Хабуг понял, что дело плохо, но решил подождать до следующего дня (Искандер 3). The magistrates wife...assured him [Khabug] that the magistrate was not home, that he would be in his office tomorrow, and that nowadays he generally discussed business only in his office. Old Khabug realized that this meant trouble, but he decided to wait until the next day (3a).
         ♦ Он [адвокат] меня слушает, изредка задаёт вопросы, прикрывая рот ладонью, - признак, что алкаш... Я вижу перед собой алкаша, понимаю, что дело плохо... с таким алкашом мы дело проиграем... (Рыбаков 1). Не [the lawyer] listened to me, putting a question occasionally, and covering his mouth with his hand, the sure sign of a drunk....I was looking at an alcoholic and I knew the situation was bad... with an alcoholic like this one we would lose the case... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > дело швах

  • 5 бог с тобой

    бог (господь, Христос) с тобой (с ним, с ней, с вами, с ними)
    разг.
    1) (пусть будет так, ну да ладно, прощаю) God forgive you (him, her, etc.); let it pass; never mind; forget it; forget him (her, etc.)

    - Забыть! - проворчал он; - я-то не забыл ничего... Ну, да бог с вами!.. Не так я думал с вами встретиться... (М. Лермонтов, Герой нашего времени) — 'Forgotten!' he muttered. 'No, I've forgotten nothing. Oh well, never mind... Only I did not expect our meeting would be like this.'

    Марина. Погубил ты меня ни за что, обманул. Не пожалел сироту,... отрёкся от меня. Убил ты меня, да я на тебя зла не держу. Бог с тобой. Лучше найдёшь - позабудешь, хуже найдёшь - вспомянешь. (Л. Толстой, Власть тьмы)Marina: You ruined me, you deceived me. You have no pity on an orphan girl,... you have forsworn me. You have killed me, but I will not bear you any malice. God forgive you. If you find a better wife, you will forget me; if you find a worse one, then you will remember me.

    2) (выражение уступки, утраты интереса к кому-либо или чему-либо) to hell with him (her, it, etc.)!; bother it!

    "Нет, - сказал я самому себе, - видно, мне не добиться разрешения этой загадки. Бог с ней! Не стану больше думать обо всём этом". (И. Тургенев, Три встречи) — 'No, I'll never solve this riddle,' I said to myself. 'Bother it, I'm not going to worry about it any more.'

    - Не буду включать электричество, - опуская руку, сказал Прохоров. - Бог с ним, с электричеством... (В. Липатов, И это всё о нём) — 'I'm not going to switch on the light,' said Prokhorov, lowering his hand. 'To hell with it...'

    3) (выражение удивления, упрёка, несогласия: как можно, зачем, что вы?!) mercy on you (us, them, etc.)!; < God> bless you; God forbid; Lord help you!; bless me!; bless your heart (life, soul)!; good gracious!; oh dear!

    - Ты решился уморить, что ли, меня? - спросил опять Обломов. - Я надоел тебе, а? Ну, говори же? - Христос с вами! Живите на здоровье! Кто вам зла желает? - ворчал Захар. (И. Гончаров, Обломов) — 'You mean to be the death of me?' Oblomov asked again. 'You are tired of me, eh? Speak!' 'Mercy on us, live as long as you like! No one wishes you ill,' Zahar grumbled.

    - Бог с тобой, что ты, Борюшка! Долго ли этак до сумы дойти! Рисовать, писать, имение продать!.. (И. Гончаров, Обрыв) — 'God bless you, Borushka, what next? Are you so near beggary? You talk of drawing, writing, alienating your land!'

    Дарья. Ишь ты, как расползлась, бог с тобой. Карповна. А что, девка, ведь и то никак я потолстела. (Н. Островский, Бедная невеста)Darya: My, you're getting stout, Lord help you! Karpovna: Well, girlie, it does seem as if I were getting fat.

    - Да что вы, господь с вами, Ефим Емельяныч! С чего вы взяли? Ничего-то я такого не думаю... (П. Нилин, Впервые замужем) — 'Why, bless you, Efim Emelyanovich, how can you! Why did you say that? I was thinking nothing of the sort!'

    4) (пожелание успеха, удачи, благополучия, доброго пути и т. п.) God (Christ, the Lord) be with you!; Lord help you; God be your help; good luck to you

    - Поезжай, голубчик, поезжай, Христос с тобой, - говорил Кутузов, не спуская глаз с поля сражения, генералу, стоявшему подле него. (Л. Толстой, Война и мир) — 'Go, my dear fellow, go... and Christ be with you!' Kutuzov was saying to a general who stood beside him, not taking his eye from the battlefield.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > бог с тобой

  • 6 между нами

    разг.
    between ourselves; between you and me (I) <and the gate-post (the bed-post, the post, the door-post, the lamp-post)>

    Затем он положил свою руку на колено мне, заглянул в лицо моё и, понизив голос, продолжал: - Дальнейшее - между нами, хорошо? (М. Горький, Жрец морали) — Then he put his hand on my knee, peered into my face, and lowering his voice, went on: 'The rest is between ourselves, agreed?'

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > между нами

  • 7 ронять в глазах

    ронять (кого, что) в глазах (кого, чьих)
    lower smb., smth. in smb.'s eyes (in the eyes of smb.); disgrace smb. before smb.'s eyes

    Через равные промежутки времени хозяин ударом ноги под стойкой вышибал за порог бродячую собаку, ронявшую его заведение в глазах иностранцев. (Л. Леонов, Evgenia Ivanovna) — At regular intervals the proprietor would kick some stray cur out from under the counter and through the door, as lowering his establishment in the eyes of foreigners.

    Он взялся за бревно, рванул, приподнял, подсунулся под него, ещё не ведая всей его тяжести. Старший сержант смотрел, как он всё это делает, и надо было не уронить себя в глазах старшего сержанта. (Л. Карелин, Ступени) — He took a log, jerked it up, raised it and pushed his shoulder under it, without yet realizing its weight. The senior sergeant was watching, he didn't want to disgrace himself.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ронять в глазах

  • 8 betua

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -betua
    [English Word] incline
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] -beta
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -betua
    [English Word] lower
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] -beta
    [Swahili Definition] kufanya chini
    [Swahili Example] Huku akibetua mabega kuonyesha kushindwa [Chacha, Masomo 373]
    [English Example] At this point he is lowering his shoulders to show that he is overwhelmed.
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > betua

  • 9 ронять своё достоинство

    - А какие ты нам, Ильюшка, страхи рассказывал, - заговорил Федя, которому, как сыну богатого крестьянина, приходилось быть запевалой (сам же он говорил мало, как бы боясь уронить своё достоинство). (И. Тургенев, Записки охотника) — 'What dreadful things you were telling us, Ilyusha!' began Fedya, whose part it was, as the son of a well-to-do peasant, to lead the conversation. (He spoke little himself, apparently afraid of lowering his dignity).

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ронять своё достоинство

  • 10 abbassamento

    m lowering
    * * *
    1 lowering; ( caduta) fall: un abbassamento dello standard, a lowering of (o fall in) standards; abbassamento di temperatura, fall (o drop) in temperature // (geol.) abbassamento della falda freatica, abbassamento piezometrico, drawdown
    2 ( di prezzi) knockoff, knockdown, reduction
    3 (inform.) droop.
    * * *
    [abbassa'mento]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) (diminuzione) (di temperatura) drop (di in); (di pressione) fall (di in); (della luce) dimming, lowering; (di prezzi) reduction (di in)
    * * *
    abbassamento
    /abbassa'mento/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (diminuzione) (di temperatura) drop (di in); (di pressione) fall (di in); (della luce) dimming, lowering; (di prezzi) reduction (di in); ha un abbassamento di voce he has lost his voice

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > abbassamento

  • 11 Versenkung

    f
    1. sinking
    2. THEAT. trapdoor
    3. umg., fig.: ( spurlos) in der Versenkung verschwinden disappear (from the face of the earth); Person: disappear ( oder fade) from the scene; ( wieder) aus der Versenkung auftauchen resurface, reappear; Person: auch reappear ( oder re-emerge) on the scene
    4. geistige etc.: (inward) contemplation
    * * *
    die Versenkung
    trapdoor; sinking
    * * *
    Ver|sẹn|kung
    f
    1) (= das Versenken) sinking; (von Leiche, Sarg) lowering; (von eigenem Schiff) scuttling
    2) (THEAT) trap(door)
    3) (= das Sichversenken) immersion

    jdn aus seiner Versenkung reißen — to tear sb from (his absorption or immersion in) his book/work etc

    innere/mystische Versenkung — inner/mystic contemplation

    4) (inf)

    in der Versenkung verschwinden — to vanish; (berühmter Mensch, Buch etc) to vanish or disappear from the scene, to sink into oblivion

    aus der Versenkung auftauchen — to reappear; (Mensch auch) to re-emerge (on the scene)

    * * *
    Ver·sen·kung
    f
    die \Versenkung [einer S. gen [o von etw dat]] sinking/lowering/retracting etc. [sth]
    2. (das Sichversenken) contemplation no art, no pl (in + akk of
    3. THEAT trap[door]
    4.
    aus der \Versenkung auftauchen (fam) to re[-]emerge on the scene
    in der \Versenkung verschwinden to vanish [or disappear] from the scene
    * * *
    1) s. versenken 1), 2): sinking; lowering; retraction
    2)

    in der Versenkung verschwinden(fig. ugs.) vanish from the scene; sink into oblivion

    * * *
    1. sinking
    2. THEAT trapdoor
    3. umg, fig:
    (spurlos) in der Versenkung verschwinden disappear (from the face of the earth); Person: disappear ( oder fade) from the scene;
    (wieder) aus der Versenkung auftauchen resurface, reappear; Person: auch reappear ( oder re-emerge) on the scene
    4. geistige etc: (inward) contemplation
    * * *
    1) s. versenken 1), 2): sinking; lowering; retraction
    2)

    in der Versenkung verschwinden(fig. ugs.) vanish from the scene; sink into oblivion

    * * *
    f.
    sinking n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Versenkung

  • 12 altura

    f.
    1 height.
    2 height.
    pon los dos altavoces a la misma altura put both speakers level with each other
    el tráfico está congestionado a la altura del ayuntamiento there's a traffic jam in the area of the town hall
    3 height.
    Viella está a 1.000 m de altura Viella is 1,000 m above sea level
    ganar o tomar altura to climb (avión)
    se esperan nevadas en alturas superiores a los 800 metros snow is forecast on high ground above 800 meters
    4 loftiness, elevation.
    * * *
    1 (gen) height
    2 (altitud) altitude
    3 (nivel) level, par; (punto) point
    ¿a qué altura de la calle vives? how far up the street do you live?
    hay un buzón en la calle Mayor, a la altura de la zapatería there's a post box in the High Street, near the shoe shop
    4 figurado (mérito, valía, calidad) merit, worth; (dignidad) dignity, excellence
    1 RELIGIÓN heavens
    \
    a estas alturas by now, at this stage
    estar a la altura de to measure up to, match up to, be on a par with
    estar a la altura de las circunstancias figurado to be worthy of the occasion, rise to the occasion
    quedar a la altura del betún familiar to make a very poor showing, look bad
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de edificio, techo, persona] height

    se necesita tener una altura superior a 1,80 — you have to be over 1.80 metres tall

    hubo olas de hasta tres metros de altura — there were waves up to three metres high, there were waves of up to three metres in height

    a la altura de algo, la ventana quedaba a la altura de mi cabeza — the window was level with my head

    altura de caída[de cascada] fall

    2) [en el aire] height, altitude

    el avión subió a una altura de 10.000 pies — the plane rose to a height o an altitude of 10,000 feet

    nos encontramos a 3.000 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar — we are 3,000 metres above sea level

    ganar o tomar altura — to climb, gain height

    el globo empezó a perder altura — the balloon began to lose height

    mal
    3) (=nivel)

    no encuentra ningún rival a su altura — she can't find a rival to match her, she can't find a rival in her league

    estar a la altura de — [+ persona] to be in the same league as, be on a par with; [+ tarea] to be up to, be equal to

    no estamos a la altura de los trabajadores japoneses — we are not in the same league as Japanese workers, we are not on a par with Japanese workers

    la novela no estaba a la altura del concurso — the novel was not up to the standard set by the competition, the novel did not measure up to the competition standards

    - dejar o poner a algn a la altura del betún o de un felpudo o del unto

    si no los invitamos quedaremos a la altura del betún — if we don't invite them, it'll look really bad

    4) (Geog)

    a la altura de — on the same latitude as

    a la altura del km 8 — at the 8th km, at the 8th km point

    ¿a qué altura de la calle quiere que pare? — how far along the street do you want me to stop?

    5) (Náut)

    remolcador de altura — deep-sea tug, ocean-going tug

    6) (Dep) (=salto) high jump; (=distancia del suelo) height

    acaban de superar la altura de 1,90 — they have managed to beat the height of 1.90

    7) (Mús) pitch
    8) [de ideas, sentimientos] sublimity, loftiness
    9) pl alturas
    a) (=lugar elevado) (Geog) heights; (Rel) heaven sing

    ¡Gloria a Dios en las alturas! — Glory to God in Heaven!

    estar en las alturas — (Rel) to be on high

    b) [de organización] upper echelons
    c)

    a estas alturas — [de edad] at my/your/his etc age; [de tiempo] at this stage

    a estas alturas no me preocupan las arrugas — at my age, wrinkles don't worry me

    ¿todavía no confías en mí a estas alturas? — you still don't trust me after all this time?

    a estas alturas no podemos volvernos atrás — having come this far we can't go back now, we can't go back at this stage

    d) (=pisos) storey, story (EEUU)
    * * *
    1) (de persona, edificio, techo) height
    2) ( indicando posición) height

    a la altura del betún or (RPl) felpudo or (Chi) del unto (fam): nos dejaste a la altura del betún you made us look really bad; quedó a la altura del betún he looked really stupid; estar/ponerse a la altura de algo/alguien: para ponernos a la altura de la competencia to put ourselves on a par with our competitors; estar a la altura de las circunstancias to rise to the occasion; no está a la altura de su predecesor he doesn't match up to his predecessor; no estuvo a la altura de lo que esperaban — he didn't live up to their expectations

    3)
    a) (Aviac, Geog) ( altitud) altitude

    perder alturato lose height o (frml) altitude

    a 2.240 metros de altura — at an altitude of 2,240 meters

    sobrepasar los 4.000 metros de altura — to rise to (a height of) over 4,000 meters

    b)

    de altura<pesquero/flota> deep-sea (before n); < remolcador> oceangoing (before n)

    ¿a qué altura de Serrano vive? — how far up Serrano do you live?

    b) ( latitud)

    en el Adriático, a la altura de Florencia — on the Adriatic, on the same latitude o (colloq) as far up/down as Florence

    a estas/esas alturas: a estas alturas me vienes con eso! you wait till now to bring this to me!; a estas alturas del año this late on in the year; a esas alturas ya había perdido las esperanzas by that stage he had already lost all hope; a estas alturas del partido — (fam) by now, at this stage of the game (colloq)

    6) (Mús) pitch
    7) alturas femenino plural
    a) ( cimas) heights (pl)
    b) (Relig)
    * * *
    = height, altitude.
    Ex. For a monograph the height of the book is normally given, in centimetres.
    Ex. The museum restored many of its flood-damaged books by a process involving freezing, exposure to a vacuum equivalent to an altitude of 200,000 ft.
    ----
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * altura del tipo movible = height-to-paper, type height.
    * altura tipográfica = height-to-paper [heights-to-paper, -pl.].
    * con la misma altura que = the full height of.
    * de altura = high, top-notch.
    * de altura regulable = height-adjustable.
    * estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.
    * estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.
    * estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to snuff, come up with + the goods.
    * estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), rise (up) to + challenge.
    * estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.
    * estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.
    * estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.
    * estar a la misma altura que = rank with.
    * gran altura = high altitude.
    * no estar a la altura de las expectativas = fall below + expectations.
    * no estar a la altura de lo que se espera = fall below + expectations, be below par, be under par.
    * poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.
    * salto de altura = vertical jump, high jumping, high jump.
    * * *
    1) (de persona, edificio, techo) height
    2) ( indicando posición) height

    a la altura del betún or (RPl) felpudo or (Chi) del unto (fam): nos dejaste a la altura del betún you made us look really bad; quedó a la altura del betún he looked really stupid; estar/ponerse a la altura de algo/alguien: para ponernos a la altura de la competencia to put ourselves on a par with our competitors; estar a la altura de las circunstancias to rise to the occasion; no está a la altura de su predecesor he doesn't match up to his predecessor; no estuvo a la altura de lo que esperaban — he didn't live up to their expectations

    3)
    a) (Aviac, Geog) ( altitud) altitude

    perder alturato lose height o (frml) altitude

    a 2.240 metros de altura — at an altitude of 2,240 meters

    sobrepasar los 4.000 metros de altura — to rise to (a height of) over 4,000 meters

    b)

    de altura<pesquero/flota> deep-sea (before n); < remolcador> oceangoing (before n)

    ¿a qué altura de Serrano vive? — how far up Serrano do you live?

    b) ( latitud)

    en el Adriático, a la altura de Florencia — on the Adriatic, on the same latitude o (colloq) as far up/down as Florence

    a estas/esas alturas: a estas alturas me vienes con eso! you wait till now to bring this to me!; a estas alturas del año this late on in the year; a esas alturas ya había perdido las esperanzas by that stage he had already lost all hope; a estas alturas del partido — (fam) by now, at this stage of the game (colloq)

    6) (Mús) pitch
    7) alturas femenino plural
    a) ( cimas) heights (pl)
    b) (Relig)
    * * *
    = height, altitude.

    Ex: For a monograph the height of the book is normally given, in centimetres.

    Ex: The museum restored many of its flood-damaged books by a process involving freezing, exposure to a vacuum equivalent to an altitude of 200,000 ft.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * altura del tipo movible = height-to-paper, type height.
    * altura tipográfica = height-to-paper [heights-to-paper, -pl.].
    * con la misma altura que = the full height of.
    * de altura = high, top-notch.
    * de altura regulable = height-adjustable.
    * estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.
    * estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.
    * estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to snuff, come up with + the goods.
    * estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), rise (up) to + challenge.
    * estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.
    * estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.
    * estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.
    * estar a la misma altura que = rank with.
    * gran altura = high altitude.
    * no estar a la altura de las expectativas = fall below + expectations.
    * no estar a la altura de lo que se espera = fall below + expectations, be below par, be under par.
    * poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.
    * salto de altura = vertical jump, high jumping, high jump.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de una persona, un edificio) height; (de una figura geométrica) height
    la altura mínima exigida es de 1,60m the minimum height requirement is 1.60m
    el muro tiene un metro de altura the wall is one meter high
    el faro mide 35 metros de altura the lighthouse is 35 meters high o tall
    un edificio de altura a tall building
    2 (de un techo) height
    pon los dos cuadros a la misma altura put the two pictures level with each other o at the same height
    el tableado nace a la altura de las caderas the pleats begin at the hips, it's pleated from the hips
    quiero pintar la pared hasta esta altura I want to paint the wall up to here
    tiene una cicatriz a la altura de la sien he has a scar on his temple
    cayó de or desde una altura de 20 metros he fell from a height of 20 meters
    a la altura del betún or ( RPl) de un felpudo or ( Chi) del unto ( fam): nos dejaste a la altura del betún you made us look really bad
    no contestó ni una pregunta, quedó a la altura de un felpudo he couldn't answer a single question, he looked really stupid
    estar/ponerse a la altura de algo/algn: lo que permitirá ponernos a la altura de los países más avanzados which will enable us to put ourselves on a par with the most developed countries
    supo estar a la altura de las circunstancias he managed to rise to the occasion
    no estuvo a la altura de lo que se esperaba he didn't live up to their expectations
    no está a la altura de su predecesor he doesn't match up to his predecessor
    si le contestas con palabrotas te estás poniendo a su altura by swearing at her you're just lowering yourself o sinking to her level
    C
    1 ( Aviac, Geog) (altitud) altitude
    volamos a una altura de 10.000 metros we are flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters
    el avión empezó a perder altura the plane started to lose height o ( frml) altitude
    fue construida en una meseta a 2.240 metros de altura it was built on a plateau at an altitude of 2,240 meters
    montañas que sobrepasan los 4.000 metros de altura mountains that rise to (a height of) over 4,000 meters
    2
    de altura ‹pesquero/flota› deep-sea ( before n)
    remolcador de altura oceangoing tug
    D
    (dignidad): se lo dijo con mucha altura she told him in a very dignified manner
    reaccionó con mucha altura he reacted with great dignity
    1
    (en una calle): ¿a qué altura de Serrano vive? how far up o along Serrano do you live?
    cuando la procesión llegó a la altura del Ayuntamiento when the procession reached City Hall
    viven a la altura de la Plaza de Colón they live up by Plaza de Colón
    2
    (latitud): situada en el Adriático, a la altura de Florencia situated on the Adriatic, on the same latitude as Florence o ( colloq) as far up/down as Florence
    F
    (en sentido temporal): a estas/esas alturas: a estas alturas ya deberías haber aprendido cómo se hace you should have learned how to do it by now
    ¡a estas alturas me vienes con esas preguntas! it's a bit late to be asking questions like that now!
    a estas alturas ya nadie se escandaliza por esas cosas nobody is shocked by that kind of thing anymore
    a estas alturas ya deben haber llegado they should have arrived by now o by this time
    a estas alturas del año this late on in the year, so late on in the year
    a estas alturas de la campaña electoral ya no pueden dar marcha atrás sobre eso they can't go back on that at this (late) stage of the election campaign
    a esas alturas ya había perdido las esperanzas by that stage he had already lost all hope
    a estas alturas del partido ( fam); by now, at this stage of the game ( colloq)
    G ( Mús) (de un sonido) pitch; (de la voz) pitch
    H ( Esp period) (piso) story*
    1 (cimas) heights (pl)
    2 ( Relig):
    las alturas the highest
    gloria a Dios en las alturas glory to God in the highest o on high
    * * *

     

    altura sustantivo femenino
    1 (de persona, edificio, techo) height;

    2 ( indicando posición) height;

    a la altura de los ojos at eye level;
    estar/ponerse a la altura de algo/algn: para ponernos a la altura de la competencia to put ourselves on a par with our competitors;
    estar a la altura de las circunstancias to rise to the occasion;
    no está a la altura de su predecesor he doesn't match up to his predecessor
    3
    a) (Aviac, Geog) ( altitud) altitude;

    a 2.240 metros de altura at an altitude of 2,240 meters

    b)

    de alturapesquero/flota deep-sea ( before n);


    remolcador oceangoing ( before n)
    4 ( en sentido horizontal):
    ¿a qué altura de Serrano vive? how far up Serrano do you live?;

    cuando llegamos a la altura de la plaza when we reached the square
    5 ( en sentido temporal):

    ¡a estas alturas me vienes con eso! you wait till now to bring this to me!;
    a estas alturas del año this late on in the year;
    a esas alturas ya no me importaba by that stage I didn't mind
    6 (Mús) pitch
    altura sustantivo femenino
    1 height
    de nueve metros de altura, nine metres high
    2 (nivel) level
    a la misma altura, on the same level
    Geography on the same latitude: Helena vive a la altura del hospital, Helena lives by the hospital
    ♦ Locuciones: figurado no está a la altura de su rival, he doesn't measure up to his rival
    figurado se supo poner a la altura de las circunstancias, she was able to meet the challenge
    a estas alturas ya deberías conocerlo, you should know him by now
    ' altura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alta
    - alto
    - betún
    - estatura
    - estirón
    - grandeza
    - salto
    - sobrepasar
    - superar
    - talla
    - alcanzar
    - asorocharse
    - caer
    - descender
    - descenso
    - elevar
    - grande
    - listón
    - mal
    - máximo
    - mayor
    - nivel
    - tomar
    English:
    dizzy
    - equal
    - eye-level
    - height
    - high
    - ht
    - inadequate
    - level
    - live up to
    - low
    - match
    - measure up
    - name
    - off-shore fishing
    - patch
    - rise
    - storey
    - tall
    - up to
    - deep
    - elevation
    - head
    - justice
    - league
    - live
    - measure
    - par
    - second
    - third
    - up
    * * *
    altura nf
    1. [de persona, cosa] height;
    mide o [m5] tiene 2 metros de altura [persona] he's 2 metres tall;
    [cosa] it's 2 metres high
    2. [posición] height;
    pon los dos altavoces a la misma altura put both speakers level with each other;
    la serpiente le mordió a la altura del tobillo the snake bit him on the ankle;
    el tráfico está congestionado a la altura del ayuntamiento there's a traffic jam in the area of the town hall;
    ¿a qué altura está la oficina de turismo? how far along the road is the tourist information office?;
    está a la altura de la estación it's next to the station
    3. [altitud] height;
    Viella está a 1.000 metros de altura Viella is 1,000 metres above sea level;
    ganar o [m5] tomar altura [avión] to climb;
    perder altura [avión] to lose height;
    volar a gran altura to fly at altitude;
    volaremos a 2.000 metros de altura we'll be flying at an altitude of 2,000 metres;
    se esperan nevadas en alturas superiores a los 800 metros snow is forecast on high ground above 800 metres;
    Fig
    las alturas [el cielo] Heaven;
    Gloria a Dios en las alturas glory to God in the highest
    4. [latitud] latitude
    5. Fig [nivel]
    a la altura de on a par with;
    intentan ponerse a la altura de los líderes del mercado they're trying to catch up with the market leaders;
    la moda inglesa nunca se pondrá a la altura de la italiana English fashion will never reach the standard of Italian fashion;
    su última novela no está a la altura de sus anteriores her latest novel isn't up to the standard of her previous ones;
    la película no estuvo a la altura de sus expectativas the film didn't come up to o fell short of her expectations;
    comprarlo no estaba a la altura de mis posibilidades it wasn't within my means to buy it;
    no está a la altura del puesto he's not up to the job;
    al devolverle el insulto, se puso a su altura by insulting him back, she showed herself to be no better than him;
    estar a la altura de las circunstancias to be worthy of the occasion, to be equal to the challenge;
    ninguno de los dos equipos estuvo a la altura de las circunstancias neither of the teams was able to rise to the occasion;
    Fam
    a la altura del betún o RP [m5]del felpudo: nos dejó a la altura del betún o RP [m5] del felpudo it left us looking really bad;
    hemos quedado a la altura del betún o RP [m5]del felpudo, teníamos que haberle comprado un regalo it looks really bad that we didn't buy him a present;
    Fam
    a la altura de los zapatos: como tenista, no le llega a la altura de los zapatos he's nowhere near as good a tennis player as her
    a gran altura: jugaron a gran altura y ganaron el título they played magnificently and won the title;
    rayar a gran altura to excel, to shine
    6. Fig [de persona] stature;
    [de sentimientos, espíritu] loftiness;
    un escritor de gran altura moral a writer with lofty morals
    7. [tiempo]
    a estas alturas this far on;
    a estas alturas ya tendrían que saber lo que me gusta by now, they ought to know what I like;
    a estas alturas ya no se puede cambiar nada it's too late to change anything now;
    a estas alturas ya debías saber que eso no se hace you should know better than that by now;
    a estas alturas del año ya es muy tarde para ponerse a estudiar it's a bit late in the year to start studying;
    si a estas alturas no te has decidido… if you haven't decided by now…;
    no me digas que a estas alturas todavía tienes dudas sobre tu boda don't tell me you still have doubts about getting married even at this late stage
    8. [cumbre] summit, top;
    las grandes alturas alpinas the great peaks of the Alps
    9. Esp [piso] floor;
    una casa de dos alturas a two-storey house
    10. [salto de altura] high jump
    11. Mús pitch
    12. Náut
    de altura [buque] ocean-going;
    flota de altura deep-sea fleet;
    navegación de altura ocean navigation;
    pesca de altura deep-sea fishing
    13. Geom [de triángulo] height
    * * *
    f
    1 height;
    de diez metros de altura 10 meters in height, 10 meters high;
    a la altura de on a par with;
    a estas alturas by this time, by now
    2 MÚS pitch
    3 AVIA altitude;
    tomar altura gain altitude
    4 GEOG latitude
    * * *
    altura nf
    1) : height
    2) : altitude
    3) : loftiness, nobleness
    4)
    a la altura de : near, up by
    en la avenida San Antonio a la altura de la Calle Tres: on San Antonio Avenue up near Third Street
    5)
    a estas alturas : at this point, at this stage of the game
    * * *
    1. (medida) height
    2. (importancia) importance
    a estas alturas by now / at this stage
    medir / tener... metros de altura (persona) to be... metres tall (cosa) to be... metres high

    Spanish-English dictionary > altura

  • 13 descenso

    m.
    1 descent.
    2 drop.
    ir en descenso to be decreasing o on the decline
    3 downhill.
    4 relegation.
    5 demotion.
    6 descensus.
    * * *
    1 (acción) descent, lowering
    2 (de temperatura) drop, fall
    3 figurado (declive) decline, fall
    4 DEPORTE (de división) relegation; (en esquí) downhill race
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) drop, fall
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de temperatura, nivel, precio, demanda] fall, drop

    un descenso de la produccióna fall o drop in production

    un descenso en el número de escolaresa fall o drop in the number of pupils

    descenso térmicofall o drop in temperature

    2) [de un lugar a otro] descent

    la prueba de descenso — (Dep) the downhill event

    3) [en orden, jerarquía] downgrading, demotion; (Dep) relegation
    4) (=pendiente) slope
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de temperatura, nivel) fall, drop; ( de precios) fall

    el descenso en el número de accidentesthe fall o decrease in the number of accidents

    b) ( desde una altura) descent

    la carrera or prueba de descenso — the downhill

    2) (Dep) relegation
    * * *
    = decline, drop, dropping off, lowering, spiral, dip, droop, downward spiral, fall, slump, downswing, descent, drawdown.
    Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.
    Ex. Perfect recall can only be achieved by a drop in the proportion of relevant documents considered.
    Ex. There is a sharp dropping off, particularly where activities require going beyond the library walls = Se da un marcado descenso, especialmente allí donde las actividades necesitan ir más allá de los muros de la biblioteca.
    Ex. Irrespective of the depth of indexing, however, the essential simplicity of post-coordinate indexing is a factor that can lead to a lowering of precision at the search stage.
    Ex. The spiral begins its downward swirl very early in life when a child has difficulty learning to read.
    Ex. After the second grade, the growth rate in the number of articles read slows but continues to increase, with the exception of a dip at the fifth grade.
    Ex. This article describes a study undertaken in Brazil to investigate the phenomenon of the droop at the end of the graph demonstrating Bradford's law which corresponds to the journals of low productivity.
    Ex. The downward spiral of increasing serial prices and decreasing subscriptions is well documented.
    Ex. There has been a rapid increase in the number and costs of science, technology and medicine scholarly titles in recent years, and a fall in subscriptions.
    Ex. The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.
    Ex. A new solution to the problem of predicting cyclical highs and lows in the economy enables one to gauge whether an incipient economic downswing will turn out to be a slowdown in economic growth or a real recession.
    Ex. The street-smart kid's descent into crime and heroin addiction is now too familiar a story.
    Ex. Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.
    ----
    * descenso de aguas bravas = rafting.
    * descenso de nivel = drawdown.
    * descenso en picado = swoop.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (de temperatura, nivel) fall, drop; ( de precios) fall

    el descenso en el número de accidentesthe fall o decrease in the number of accidents

    b) ( desde una altura) descent

    la carrera or prueba de descenso — the downhill

    2) (Dep) relegation
    * * *
    = decline, drop, dropping off, lowering, spiral, dip, droop, downward spiral, fall, slump, downswing, descent, drawdown.

    Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

    Ex: Perfect recall can only be achieved by a drop in the proportion of relevant documents considered.
    Ex: There is a sharp dropping off, particularly where activities require going beyond the library walls = Se da un marcado descenso, especialmente allí donde las actividades necesitan ir más allá de los muros de la biblioteca.
    Ex: Irrespective of the depth of indexing, however, the essential simplicity of post-coordinate indexing is a factor that can lead to a lowering of precision at the search stage.
    Ex: The spiral begins its downward swirl very early in life when a child has difficulty learning to read.
    Ex: After the second grade, the growth rate in the number of articles read slows but continues to increase, with the exception of a dip at the fifth grade.
    Ex: This article describes a study undertaken in Brazil to investigate the phenomenon of the droop at the end of the graph demonstrating Bradford's law which corresponds to the journals of low productivity.
    Ex: The downward spiral of increasing serial prices and decreasing subscriptions is well documented.
    Ex: There has been a rapid increase in the number and costs of science, technology and medicine scholarly titles in recent years, and a fall in subscriptions.
    Ex: The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.
    Ex: A new solution to the problem of predicting cyclical highs and lows in the economy enables one to gauge whether an incipient economic downswing will turn out to be a slowdown in economic growth or a real recession.
    Ex: The street-smart kid's descent into crime and heroin addiction is now too familiar a story.
    Ex: Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.
    * descenso de aguas bravas = rafting.
    * descenso de nivel = drawdown.
    * descenso en picado = swoop.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de la temperatura, del nivel) fall, drop; (de precios) fall
    el descenso del nivel de los embalses the drop in the level of the reservoirs
    ha habido un brusco descenso en los precios del crudo there has been a sharp fall in the price of crude oil
    el descenso en el número de accidentes the fall o decrease in the number of accidents
    iniciaremos el descenso en pocos minutos we shall begin our descent in a few minutes
    la carrera or prueba de descenso the downhill
    B ( Dep) relegation
    * * *

     

    descenso sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (de temperatura, nivel) fall, drop;

    ( de precios) fall

    2 (Dep) relegation
    descenso sustantivo masculino
    1 descent: participamos en el descenso del río, we took part in the white water canoeing
    2 (de temperatura, precios) fall, drop
    3 Dep (de categoría) relegation
    ' descenso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajada
    - bajón
    - abrupto
    - agudo
    - brusco
    - caída
    - notorio
    - picada
    English:
    comedown
    - descent
    - dip
    - downhill
    - downturn
    - drop
    - fall
    - swoop
    - anticlimax
    - couple
    - decline
    - decrease
    - demotion
    - dive
    * * *
    1. [de una altura] descent;
    los ciclistas iniciaron el descenso the cyclists began the descent;
    sufrieron un accidente en el descenso they had an accident on the way down
    descenso de aguas bravas white water rafting;
    2. [de precio, temperatura, nivel] fall, drop;
    el fuerte descenso de las temperaturas the sharp drop in temperatures;
    la tasa de desempleo experimentó un espectacular descenso there was a spectacular drop in the unemployment rate;
    ir en descenso to be decreasing o on the decline
    3. [prueba de esquí] downhill
    4. [en competición deportiva] relegation;
    estar en las posiciones de descenso to be in the relegation zone
    * * *
    m
    1 de precio etc drop; de montaña, AVIA descent;
    la prueba de descenso en esquí the downhill (race o competition)
    2 DEP relegation
    * * *
    1) : descent
    2) baja, caída: drop, fall
    * * *
    1. (de temperatura, precios, etc) drop / fall
    2. (bajada) descent

    Spanish-English dictionary > descenso

  • 14 calidad

    f.
    1 quality.
    la relación calidad-precio value (for money)
    calidad de imagen image quality
    calidad de vida quality of life
    2 class.
    3 nature.
    * * *
    1 quality
    2 (cualidad) kind, types
    3 (condición) rank, capacity
    \
    de primera calidad first-class
    calidad de vida quality of life
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) quality, grade
    2) position, status
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de objeto, material, producto] quality; [de servicio] quality, standard

    han mejorado la calidad de la enseñanzathey have improved the quality o standard of education, they have raised standards in education

    de (buena) calidad — good-quality, quality antes de s

    fruta de (buena) calidad — good-quality fruit, quality fruit

    de mala calidad — low-quality, poor-quality

    2) (=condición) position, status

    su calidad de presidente se lo prohíbehis position o status as president prohibits him from doing so

    en calidad de: te lo digo en calidad de amigo — I'm telling you as a friend

    3) (Inform)

    calidad de borrador — draft quality, draft

    calidad de carta, calidad de correspondencia — letter quality

    * * *
    1) (de producto, servicio) quality

    productos de mala or baja calidad — poor-quality products

    2) ( condición) status

    en calidad de — (frml) as

    * * *
    = excellence, quality, calibre [caliber, -USA], standard.
    Ex. The limits are set by the graininess of the film, the excellence of the optical system, and the efficiency of the light sources employed.
    Ex. The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex. The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.
    Ex. The overall standard of the book stock in particular is causing considerable concern to customers.
    ----
    * bajar la calidad = lower + standards.
    * basado en la calidad = quality-oriented.
    * buena calidad = goodness.
    * buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.
    * calidad de la encuadernación = binding quality.
    * calidad de la imagen = picture quality.
    * calidad del aire = air quality.
    * calidad de los servicios = service quality.
    * calidad del papel = paper quality.
    * calidad del servicio = service quality.
    * calidad del sonido = sound quality.
    * calidad de vida = quality of life.
    * calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.
    * calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.
    * condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).
    * con garantías de calidad = quality assured.
    * controlador de calidad = tester.
    * control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.
    * dar calidad = deliver + value.
    * de alta calidad = high-quality.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de bajísima calidad = shoddy.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.
    * de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.
    * de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.
    * de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.
    * de gran calidad = high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.
    * de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.
    * de mala calidad = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.].
    * de mediana calidad = in the middle range, medium-quality.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primerísima calidad = top of the line, top-of-the-range.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * de segunda calidad = second-quality, second-best [2nd-best].
    * disminución de la calidad = lowering of standards.
    * escribir en calidad de negro = ghost.
    * evaluación de la calidad = quality assessment.
    * garantía de calidad = quality assurance (QA).
    * gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).
    * gran calidad = high standard.
    * índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.
    * la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.
    * mala calidad = badness.
    * mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.
    * sello de calidad = stamp of quality.
    * ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.
    * tiempo de calidad = quality time.
    * trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].
    * * *
    1) (de producto, servicio) quality

    productos de mala or baja calidad — poor-quality products

    2) ( condición) status

    en calidad de — (frml) as

    * * *
    = excellence, quality, calibre [caliber, -USA], standard.

    Ex: The limits are set by the graininess of the film, the excellence of the optical system, and the efficiency of the light sources employed.

    Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex: The calibre of the librarian is a medical library's most important resource.
    Ex: The overall standard of the book stock in particular is causing considerable concern to customers.
    * bajar la calidad = lower + standards.
    * basado en la calidad = quality-oriented.
    * buena calidad = goodness.
    * buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.
    * calidad de la encuadernación = binding quality.
    * calidad de la imagen = picture quality.
    * calidad del aire = air quality.
    * calidad de los servicios = service quality.
    * calidad del papel = paper quality.
    * calidad del servicio = service quality.
    * calidad del sonido = sound quality.
    * calidad de vida = quality of life.
    * calidad en el servicio = quality performance, performance quality.
    * calidad y alcance de, la = quality and extent of, the.
    * condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).
    * con garantías de calidad = quality assured.
    * controlador de calidad = tester.
    * control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.
    * dar calidad = deliver + value.
    * de alta calidad = high-quality.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de bajísima calidad = shoddy.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.
    * de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.
    * de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.
    * de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.
    * de gran calidad = high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.
    * de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.
    * de mala calidad = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.].
    * de mediana calidad = in the middle range, medium-quality.
    * de primera calidad = premium, premier.
    * de primerísima calidad = top of the line, top-of-the-range.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * de segunda calidad = second-quality, second-best [2nd-best].
    * disminución de la calidad = lowering of standards.
    * escribir en calidad de negro = ghost.
    * evaluación de la calidad = quality assessment.
    * garantía de calidad = quality assurance (QA).
    * gestión de calidad total = total quality management (TQM).
    * gran calidad = high standard.
    * índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.
    * la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.
    * mala calidad = badness.
    * mejorar la calidad = raise + standard, raise + quality.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.
    * sello de calidad = stamp of quality.
    * ser de calidad = be up to snuff, be up to scratch.
    * tiempo de calidad = quality time.
    * trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

    * * *
    A (de un producto, servicio) quality
    un artículo de primera calidad a top-quality product
    control de calidad quality control
    es una obra de calidad it is a work of high quality
    Compuesto:
    quality of life
    B (condición) status
    los documentos que certifiquen su calidad de estudiante the documents that prove you are a student o that prove your student status
    en calidad de ( frml): asistió a la reunión en calidad de observador he attended the meeting as an observer
    en su calidad de presidente electo in his capacity as president elect
    el dinero que recibió en calidad de préstamo the money he received as a loan
    * * *

     

    calidad sustantivo femenino
    1 (de producto, servicio) quality;

    productos de mala calidad poor-quality products;
    calidad de vida quality of life
    2 ( condición):

    en su calidad de presidente in his capacity as president
    calidad sustantivo femenino quality
    ♦ Locuciones: de calidad, high quality
    de mala calidad, poor quality
    de primera calidad, first-class
    en calidad de, as: asistió al juicio en calidad de testigo, he appeared at the trial as a witness
    ' calidad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    categoría
    - como
    - concepto
    - condición
    - control
    - cutre
    - desastre
    - excepcional
    - extra
    - fina
    - fino
    - gratuidad
    - grosera
    - grosero
    - índice
    - inferior
    - ínfima
    - ínfimo
    - inigualable
    - lindeza
    - lisura
    - media
    - mediana
    - mediano
    - medio
    - primera
    - primero
    - proporción
    - santidad
    - singularidad
    - telebasura
    - test
    - timo
    - tintorro
    - voto
    - acreditar
    - alto
    - bajar
    - bajo
    - bien
    - competir
    - de
    - decaer
    - degradar
    - desigual
    - elevado
    - insuperable
    - intermedio
    - ir
    - loza
    English:
    absence
    - adequate
    - appalling
    - capacity
    - decline
    - dodgy
    - excellence
    - fine
    - grade
    - high-end
    - letter-quality
    - membership
    - money
    - order
    - par
    - passable
    - pathetic
    - poor
    - prime
    - produce
    - property
    - quality
    - quality control
    - raise
    - ropey
    - ropy
    - second-class
    - shoddiness
    - shoddy
    - slip
    - standard
    - substandard
    - superior
    - third-rate
    - top
    - touch
    - trashy
    - unbeatable
    - uneven
    - up to
    - value
    - variable
    - world-class
    - advisory
    - high-
    - high
    - inferior
    - low
    - second
    * * *
    1. [de producto, servicio] quality;
    una casa de calidad a luxury house;
    una edición de calidad a deluxe edition;
    un género de (buena) calidad a quality product;
    de primerísima calidad highest quality;
    una buena relación calidad-precio good value (for money)
    Informát calidad borrador draft quality;
    calidad de imagen image quality;
    calidad de vida quality of life
    2. [clase] class
    3. [condición]
    me lo dijo en calidad de amigo he told me as a friend;
    acudió en calidad de testigo he was present as a witness;
    fue contratado en calidad de experto jurídico he was employed as a legal expert;
    no le revisan el equipaje por su calidad de diplomático his luggage isn't searched due to his diplomatic status
    * * *
    f
    1 quality;
    de primera calidad top-quality atr ;
    de calidad inferior, de baja calidad poor-quality atr ;
    de calidad superior superior-quality atr, high-quality atr
    2
    :
    * * *
    1) : quality, grade
    2) : position, status
    3)
    en calidad de : as, in the capacity of
    * * *
    calidad n quality [pl. qualities]

    Spanish-English dictionary > calidad

  • 15 realmente

    adv.
    1 in fact, actually.
    2 really, very (muy).
    3 as a matter of fact, in effect, in fact.
    * * *
    1 (de verdad) really, truly
    2 (en realidad) actually, in fact
    * * *
    adv.
    * * *
    I
    ADV
    1) (=verdaderamente) really
    2) (=de hecho) really, actually

    lo prometió, aunque realmente no pensaba hacerlo — she promised to do it although she didn't actually o really intend to

    nunca me creí que fuera él realmente el autorI never really o actually believed that he was the author

    II
    ADV [referente a la realeza] royally
    * * *
    adverbio really, in fact
    * * *
    = do, realistically, really, factually, effectively, if the truth be known, if the truth be told.
    Ex. In general then, the analytical approach is to be preferred, but it does have two limitations.
    Ex. In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex. Natural indexing languages are not really a separate language at all, but the 'natural language' or ordinary language of the document being indexed.
    Ex. It is factually wrong and historically incorrect to deify scientists, who share the foibles and weaknesses of other human beings.
    Ex. A financial survey views the net effect of California's Proposition 13 as effectively lowering financial support of libraries by 25%.
    Ex. If the truth be known, most successes are built on a multitude of failures.
    Ex. If the truth be told, both sides of the political spectrum suffer from those who operate on emotions rather than logic.
    ----
    * ser realmente = be nothing short of.
    * * *
    adverbio really, in fact
    * * *
    = do, realistically, really, factually, effectively, if the truth be known, if the truth be told.

    Ex: In general then, the analytical approach is to be preferred, but it does have two limitations.

    Ex: In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex: Natural indexing languages are not really a separate language at all, but the 'natural language' or ordinary language of the document being indexed.
    Ex: It is factually wrong and historically incorrect to deify scientists, who share the foibles and weaknesses of other human beings.
    Ex: A financial survey views the net effect of California's Proposition 13 as effectively lowering financial support of libraries by 25%.
    Ex: If the truth be known, most successes are built on a multitude of failures.
    Ex: If the truth be told, both sides of the political spectrum suffer from those who operate on emotions rather than logic.
    * ser realmente = be nothing short of.

    * * *
    really
    estaba realmente contenta she was really happy
    realmente no fue así it wasn't really like that
    * * *

     

    realmente adverbio
    really, in fact
    realmente adverbio
    1 (verdaderamente) really: es realmente caro, it's really expensive
    2 (de hecho, en realidad) actually, in fact: realmente, José no es español, actually, José isn't Spanish ➣ Ver nota en actually
    ' realmente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    obnubilar
    - retórica
    - ambiente
    English:
    actually
    - air
    - barrel
    - go off
    - impossible
    - literally
    - quite
    - really
    - scary
    - schedule
    - soppy
    - effect
    - genuine
    - genuinely
    - one
    - truly
    - well
    * * *
    1. [en realidad, verdad] really;
    si realmente lo hizo él, habría que darle un premio if he really did it himself, he deserves a prize
    2. [muy] really;
    estaba realmente enfadado he was really angry;
    es un paisaje realmente precioso the scenery is really beautiful
    3. [sinceramente] really, honestly;
    realmente, no sé qué pensar I really o honestly don't know what to think;
    realmente, creo que te pasaste I really o honestly think you went too far;
    realmente, como no te pongas a estudiar no sé cómo vas a aprobar if you don't start doing some work, I honestly o really don't know how you're going to pass
    * * *
    adv really
    * * *
    : really, in reality
    * * *
    realmente adv really

    Spanish-English dictionary > realmente

  • 16 Stephenson, George

    [br]
    b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England
    d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England
    [br]
    English engineer, "the father of railways".
    [br]
    George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.
    In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.
    In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.
    It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.
    During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.
    In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.
    On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.
    At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.
    In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.
    The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.
    Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.
    Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.
    Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.
    He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.
    Bibliography
    1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).
    1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).
    S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George

  • 17 अग्निः _agniḥ

    अग्निः [अङ्गति ऊर्ध्वं गच्छति अङ्ग्-नि,नलोपश्च Uṇ.4.5., or fr. अञ्च् 'to go.']
    1 Fire कोप˚, चिन्ता˚, शोक˚, ज्ञान˚, राज˚, &c.
    -2 The God of fire.
    -3 Sacrificial fire of three kinds (गार्हपत्य, आहवनीय and दक्षिण); पिता बै गार्हपत्यो$ ग्निर्माताग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः । गुरुराहवनीयस्तु साग्नित्रेता गरीयसी ॥ Ms. 2.232.
    -4 The fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid.
    -5 Bile (नाभेरूर्ध्व हृदयादधस्तादामाशयमाचक्षते तद्गतं सौरं तेजः पित्तम् इत्याचक्षते).
    -6 Cauterization (अग्नि- कर्मन्).
    -7 Gold.
    -8 The number three. शराग्निपरिमाणम् (पञ्चत्रिंशत्) Mb.13.17.26.
    -9 N. of various plants: (a) चित्रक Plumbago Zeylanica; (b) रक्तचित्रक; (c) भल्लातक Semicarpus Anacardium; (d) निम्बक Citrus Acida.
    -1 A mystical substitute for the letter र्. In Dvandva comp. as first member with names of deities, and with particular words अग्नि is changed to अग्ना, as ˚विष्णू, ˚मरुतौ, or to अग्नी, ˚पर्जन्यौ, ˚ वरुणौ, ˚षोमौ
    -11 पिङगला नाडी; यत्र तद् ब्रह्म निर्द्वन्द्वं यत्र सोमः, (इडा) सहाग्निना (अग्निः पिङ्गला) Mb.14.2.1.
    -12 Sacrificial altar, अग्निकुण्ड cf. Rām. 1.14.28.
    -13 Sky. अग्निर्मूर्धा Muṇḍ 2.1.4. [cf. L. ignis.
    [Agni is the God of Fire, the Ignis of the Latins and Ogni of the Slavonians. He is one of the most prominent deities of the Ṛigveda. He, as an immortal, has taken up his abode among mortals as their guest; he is the domestic priest, the successful accomplisher and protector of all ceremonies; he is also the religious leader and preceptor of the gods, a swift messenger employed to announce to the immortals the hymns and to convey to them the oblations of their worshippers, and to bring them down from the sky to the place of sacrifice. He is sometimes regarded as the mouth and the tongue through which both gods and men participate in the sacrifices. He is the lord, protector and leader of people, monarch of men, the lord of the house, friendly to mankind, and like a father, mother, brother &c. He is represented as being produced by the attrition of two pieces of fuel which are regarded as husband and wife. Sometimes he is considered to have been brought down from heaven or generated by Indra between two clouds or stones, created by Dyau, or fashioned by the gods collectively. In some passages he is represented as having a triple existence, which may mean his three- fold manifestations as the sun in heaven, lightning in the atmosphere, and as ordinary fire on the earth, although the three appearances are also elsewhere otherwise explained. His epithets are numberless and for the most part descriptive of his physical characteristics: धूमकेतु, हुतभुज्, शुचि, रोहिताश्व, सप्तजिह्व, तोमरधर, घृतान्न, चित्रभानु, ऊर्ध्वशोचिस्, शोचिष्केश, हरिकेश, हिरण्यदन्त, अयोदंष्ट्र &c. In a celebrated passage he is said to have 4 horns, 3 feet, 2 heads, and 7 hands. The highest divine functions are ascribed to Agni. He is said to have spread out the two worlds and + produced them, to have supported heaven, formed the mundane regions and luminaries of heaven, to have begotten Mitra and caused the sun to ascend the sky. He is the head and summit of the sky, the centre of the earth. Earth, Heaven and all beings obey his commands. He knows and sees all worlds or creatures and witnesses all their actions. The worshippers of Agni prosper, they are wealthy and live long. He is the protector of that man who takes care to bring him fuel. He gives him riches and no one can overcome him who sacrifices to this god. He confers, and is the guardian of, immortality. He is like a water-trough in a desert and all blessing issue from him. He is therefore constantly supplicated for all kinds of boons, riches, food, deliverance from enemies and demons, poverty, reproach, childlessness, hunger &c. Agni is also associated with Indra in different hymns and the two gods are said to be twin brothers.
    Such is the Vedic conception of Agni; but in the course of mythological personifications he appears as the eldest son of Brahmā and is called Abhimānī [Viṣṇu Purāṇa]. His wife was Svāhā; by her, he had 3 sons - Pāvaka, Pavamāna and Śuchi; and these had forty-five sons; altogether 49 persons who are considered identical with the 49 fires. He is also represented as a son of Aṅgiras, as a king of the Pitṛs or Manes, as a Marut and as a grandson of Śāṇḍila, and also as a star. The Harivaṁśa describes him as clothed in black, having smoke for his standard and head-piece and carrying a flaming javelin. He is borne in a chariot drawn by red horses and the 7 winds are the wheels of his car. He is accompanied by a ram and sometimes he is represented as riding on that animal. Agni was appointed by Brahamā as the sovereign of the quarter between the south and east, whence the direction is still known as Āgneyī. The Mahābhārata represents Agni as having exhausted his vigour and become dull by devouring many oblations at the several sacrifices made by king Śvetaki, but he recruited his strength by devouring the whole Khāṇḍava forest; for the story see the word खाण्डव].
    -Comp. -अ (आ) गारम् -रः, -आलयः, -गृहम् [अग्निकार्याय अगारम् शाक˚ त.] a fire- sanctuary, house or place for keeping the sacred fire; वसंश्चतुर्थो$ग्निरिवाग्न्यगारे R.5.25. रथाग्न्यगारं चापार्चीं शरशक्तिगदे- न्धनम् Mb.11.25.14.
    -अस्त्रम् fire-missile, a rocket,
    -आत्मक a. [अग्निरात्मा यस्य] of the nature of fire सोमा- त्मिका स्त्री, ˚कः पुमान्.
    -आधानम् consecrating the fire; so ˚आहिति.
    -आधेयः [अग्निराधेयो येन] a Brāhmana who maintains the sacred fire. (
    -यम्) =
    ˚आधानम्. -आहितः [अग्निराहितो येन, वा परनिपातः P.II.2.37.] one who maintains the sacred fire; See आहिताग्नि.
    -इध् m. (अग्नीध्रः) [अग्निम् इन्द्धे स अग्नीध्] the priest who kindles fire (mostly Ved).
    -इन्धनः [अग्निरिध्यते अनेन] N. of a Mantra. (नम्) kindling the fire; अग्नीन्धनं भैक्षचर्याम् Ms.2.18.
    -उत्पातः [अग्निना दिव्यानलेन कृतः उत्पातः] a fiery portent, meteor, comet &c. In Bṛ. S.33 it is said to be of five kinds: दिवि भुक्तशुभफलानां पततां रूपाणि यानि तान्युल्काः । धिष्ण्योल्का- शनिविद्युत्तारा इति पञ्चधा भिन्नाः ॥ उल्का पक्षेण फलं तद्वत् धिष्ण्याशनिस्त्रिभिः पक्षैः । विद्युदहोभिः ष़ड्भिस्तद्वत्तारा विपाचयति ॥ Different fruits are said to result from the appearances of these portents, according to the nature of their colour, position &c.
    -उद्धरणम्, -उद्धारः 1 producing fire by the friction of two araṇis.
    -2 taking out, before sun-rise, the sacred fire from its cover of ashes previous to a sacrifice.
    -उपस्थानम् worship of Agni; the Mantra or hymn with which Agni is worshipped (अग्निरुपस्थीयते$नेन) अग्निस्त्रिष्टुभ् उपस्थाने विनियोगः Sandhyā.
    -एधः [अग्निमेधयति] an incendiary.
    -कणः; -स्तोकः a spark.
    -कर्मन् n. [अग्नौ कर्म स. त.]
    1 cauterization.
    -2 action of fire.
    -3 oblation to Agni, worship of Agni (अग्निहोत्र); so ˚कार्य offering oblations to fire, feeding fire with ghee &c.; निर्वर्तिताग्निकार्यः K.16.; ˚र्यार्धदग्ध 39, Ms.3.69, अग्निकार्यं ततः कुर्यात्सन्ध्ययोरुभयोरपि । Y.1.25.
    -कला a part (or appearance) of fire; ten varieties are mentioned धूम्रार्चिरुष्मा ज्वलिनी ज्वालिनी विस्फु- लिङ्गिनी । सुश्री: सुरूपा कपिला हव्यकव्यवहे अपि ॥ यादीनां दश- वर्णानां कला धर्मप्रदा अमूः ।).
    -कारिका [अग्निं करोति आधत्ते करणे कर्तृत्वोपचारात् कर्तरि ण्वुल्]
    1 the means of consecrating the sacred fire, the Ṛik called अग्नीध्र which begins with अग्निं दूतं पुरो दधे. 2. = अग्निकार्यम्.
    -काष्ठम् अग्नेः उद्दीपनं काष्ठं शाक ˚त.] agallochum (अगुरु)
    -कुक्कुटः [अग्नेः कुक्कुट इव रक्तवर्णस्फुलिङ्गत्वात्] a firebrand, lighted wisp of straw.
    -कुण्डम [अग्नेराधानार्थं कुण्डम्] an enclosed space for keeping the fire, a fire-vessel.
    -कुमारः, -तनयः; सुतः 1 N. of Kārttikeya said to be born from fire; Rām.7. See कार्त्तिकेय.
    -2 a kind of preparation of medicinal drugs.
    -कृतः Cashew-nut; the plant Anacardium occidentale. [Mar.काजू]
    -केतुः [अग्नेः केतुरिव]
    1 smoke.
    -2 N. of two Rākṣasas on the side of Rāvaṇa and killed by Rāma.
    -कोणः -दिक् the south-east corner ruled over by Agni; इन्द्रो वह्निः पितृपतिर्नौर्ऋतो वरुणो मरुत् । कुबेर ईशः पतयः पूर्वादीनां दिशां क्रमात् ॥
    -क्रिया [अग्निना निर्वर्तिता क्रिया, शाक. त.]
    1 obsequies, funeral ceremonies.
    -2 branding; भेषजाग्निक्रियासु च Y.3.284.
    -क्रीडा [तृ. त.] fire-works, illuminations.
    -गर्भ a. [अग्निर्गर्भे यस्य] pregnant with or containing fire, having fire in the interior; ˚र्भां शमीमिव Ś 4.3. (
    --र्भः) [अग्निरिव जारको गर्भो यस्य]
    1 N. of the plant Agnijāra.
    -2 the sun stone, name of a crystal supposed to contain and give out fire when touched by the rays of the sun; cf Ś2.7.
    -3 the sacrificial stick अरणि which when churned, gives out fire.
    (-र्भा) 1 N. of the Śamī plant as containing fire (the story of how Agni was discovered to exist in the interior of the Śamī plant is told in chap. 35 of अनु- शासनपर्व in Mb.)
    -2 N. of the earth (अग्नेः सकाशात् गर्भो यस्यां सा; when the Ganges threw the semen of Śiva out on the Meru mountain, whatever on earth &c. was irradiated by its lustre, became gold and the earth was thence called वसुमती)
    -3 N. of the plant महा- ज्योतिष्मती लता (अग्निरिव गर्भो मध्यभागो यस्याः सा) [Mar. माल- कांगोणी]
    -ग्रन्थः [अग्निप्रतिपादको ग्रन्थः शाक. त.] the work that treats of the worship of Agni &c.
    -घृतम् [अग्न्युद्दीपनं घृतं शाक. त.] a kind of medicinal preparation of ghee used to stimulate the digestive power.
    -चित् m. अग्निं चितवान्; चि-भूतार्थे क्विप् P.III.2.91] one who has kept the sacred fire; यतिभिः सार्धमनग्निमग्निचित् R.8.25; अध्वरे- ष्वग्निचित्वत्सु Bk.5.11.
    -चयः, -चयनम्, -चित्या. arranging or keeping the sacred fire (अग्न्याधान); चित्याग्निचित्ये च P.III.1.132.
    -2 (
    -यः, -यनः) the Mantra used in this operation.
    -3 a heap of fire
    -चित्वत् [अग्निचयनम् अस्त्यस्मिन् मतुप्; मस्य वः । तान्तत्वान्न पद- त्वम् Tv.] having अग्निचयन or अग्निचित्.
    -चूडः A bird having a red tuft.
    -चर्णम् gunpowder. कार्यासमर्थः कत्यस्ति शस्त्रगोलाग्निचूर्णयुक् Śukranīti 2.93.
    -ज, -जात a. produced by or from fire, born from fire.
    (-जः, -जातः) 1 N. of the plant अग्निजार (अग्नये अग्न्युद्दीपनाय जायते सेवनात् प्रभवति).
    1 N. of Kārttikeya पराभिनत्क्रौञ्चमिवाद्रिमग्निजः Mb.8.9. 68.3. Viṣṇu. (
    -जम्, -जातम) gold; so ˚जन्मन्.
    -जित् m. God; Bhāg.8.14.4.
    -जिह्व a.
    1 having a fiery tongue.
    -2 one having fire for the tongue, epithet of a God or of Visṇu in the boar incarnation. (
    -ह्वा)
    1 a tongue or flame of fire.
    -2 one of the 7 tongues of Agni (कराली धूमिनी श्वेता लोहिता नीललोहिता । सुवर्णा पद्मरागा च जिह्वा: सप्त विभावसोः
    -3 N. of a plant लाङ्गली (अग्नेर्जिह्वेव शिखा यस्याः सा); of another plant (जलपिप्पली) or गजपिप्पली (विषलाङ्गला) (Mar. जल-गज पिंपळी)
    -ज्वाला 1 the flame or glow of fire.
    -2 [अग्नेर्ज्वालेव शिखा यस्याः सा] N. of a plant with red blossoms, chiefly used by dyers, Grislea Tomentosa (Mar. धायफूल, धायटी).
    -तप् a. [अग्निना तप्यते; तप्-क्विप्] having the warmth of fire; practising austerities by means of fire.
    -तपस् a. [अग्निभिः तप्यते]
    1 practising very aus- tere penance, standing in the midst of the five fires.
    -2 glowing, shining or burning like fire (तपतीति तपाः अग्निरिव तपाः) hot as fire
    -तेजस् a. having the lustre or power of fire. (अग्नेरिव तेजो यस्य). (
    -स् n.) the lustre of fire. (
    -स् m.) N. of one of the 7 Ṛiṣis of the 11th Manvantara.
    -त्रयम् the three fires, See under अग्नि.
    - a. [अग्निं दाहार्थं गृहादौ ददाति; दा. -क.]
    1 giving or supplying with fire
    -2 tonic, stomachic, producing appetite, stimulating digestion.
    -3 incendiary; अग्निदान् भक्तदांश्चैव Ms.9.278; अग्निदानां च ये लोकाः Y.2.74; so ˚दायक, ˚दायिन्. यदग्निदायके पापं यत्पापं गुरुतल्पगे. Rām.2.75.45.
    -दग्ध a.
    1 burnt on the funeral pile; अग्निदग्धाश्च ये जीवा ये$प्यदग्धाः कुले मम Vāyu. P.
    -2 burnt with fire.
    -3 burnt at once without having fire put into the mouth, being destitute of issue (?); (pl.) a class of Manes or Pitṛis who, when alive, kept up the household flame and presented oblations to fire.
    -दमनी [अग्निर्दम्यते$नया; दम्-णिच् करणे ल्युट] a narcotic plant, Solanum Jacquini. [Mar. रिंगणी]
    -दातृ [अग्निं विधानेन ददाति] one who performs the last (funeral) ceremonies of a man; यश्चाग्निदाता प्रेतस्य पिण्डं दद्यात्स एव हि.
    -दीपन a. [अग्निं दीपयति] stimulating digestion, stomachic, tonic.
    -दीप्त a. [तृ. त्त.] glowing, set on fire, blazing (
    -प्ता) [अग्निर्जठरानलो दीप्तः सेवनात् यस्याः सा] N. of a plant ज्योतिष्मती लता (Mar. मालकांगोणी), which is said to stimulate digestion.
    -दीप्तिः f. active state of digestion.
    -दूत a. अग्निर्दूत इव यस्मिन् यस्य वा] having Agni for a messenger, said of the sacrifice or the deity invoked; यमं ह यज्ञो गच्छत्यग्निदूतो अरंकृतः Rv.1.14.13.
    -दूषितः a. branded.
    -देवः [अग्नि- रेव देवः] Agni; a worshipper of Agni.
    -देवा [अग्निर्देवो यस्याः] the third lunar mansion, the Pleiades (कृत्तिका).
    -द्वारम् the door on the south-east of a building; पूर्व- द्वारमथैशाने चाग्निद्वारं तु दक्षिणे । Māna.9.294-95.
    -धानम् [अग्निर्धियते$स्मिन्] the place or receptacle for keeping the sacred fire, the house of अग्निहोतृ; पदं कृणुते अग्निधाने Rv. 1.165.3.
    -धारणम् maintaining the sacred fire; व्रतिनां ˚णम् K. 55.
    -नयनम् = ˚प्रणयनम्.
    -निर्यासः [अग्नेर्ज- ठरानलस्येव दीपको निर्यासो यस्य] N. of the plant अग्निजार.
    -नेत्र a. [अग्निर्नेता यस्य] having Agni for the leader or conveyer of oblations, an epithet of a god in general.
    -पदम् 1 the word Agni.
    -2 fire-place.
    -3 N. of a plant.
    -परिक्रि-ष्क्रि-या care of the sacred fire, worship of fire, offering oblations; गृहार्थो$ग्निपरिष्क्रिया Ms.2.67.
    -परिच्छदः the whole sacrificial apparatus; गृह्यं चाग्निपरिच्छदम् Ms.6. 4.
    -परिधानम् enclosing the sacrificial fire with a kind of screen.
    -परीक्षा [तृ. त.] ordeal by fire.
    -पर्वतः [अग्निसाधनं पर्वतः] a volcano; महता ज्वलता नित्यमग्निमेवाग्नि- पर्वतः Rām.5.35.43.
    -पुच्छः [अग्नेः अग्न्याधानस्थानस्य पुच्छ इव]. tail or back part of the sacrificial place; the extinction of fire.
    -पुराणम् [अग्निना प्रोक्तं पुराणम्] one of the 18 Purāṇas ascribed to Vyāsa. It derives its name from its having been communicated originally by Agni to the sage Vasiṣṭha for the purpose of instructing him in the two-fold knowledge of Brahman. Its stanzas are said to be 145. Its contents are varied. It has portions on ritual and mystic worship, cosmical descriptions, chapters on the duties of Kings and the art of war, a chapter on law, some chapters on Medicine and some treatises on Rhetoric, Prosody, Grammar, Yoga, Brahmavidyā &c. &c.
    -प्रणयनम् bringing out the sacrificial fire and consecrating it according to the proper ritual.
    -प्रणिधिः Incendiary. Dk.2.8.
    -प्रतिष्ठा consecration of fire, especially the nuptial fire.
    -प्रवेशः; -शनम [स. त.] entering the fire, self-immolation of a widow on the funeral pile of her husband.
    -प्रस्कन्दनम् violation of the duties of a sacrificer (अग्निहोमाकरण); ˚परस्त्वं चाप्येवं भविष्यसि Mb.1.84.26.
    -प्रस्तरः [अग्निं प्रस्तृणाति अग्नेः प्रस्तरो वा] a flint, a stone producing fire.
    -बाहुः [अग्ने- र्बाहुरिव दीर्घशिखत्वात्]
    1 smoke.
    -2 N. of a son of the first Manu; Hariv. N. of a son of Priyavrata and Kāmyā. V. P.
    -बीजम् 1 the seed of Agni; (fig.) gold (रुद्रतेजः समुद्भूतं हेमबीजं विभावसोः)
    -2 N. of the letter र्.
    -भम [अग्नि- रिव भाति; भा-क.]
    1 'shining like fire,' gold.
    -2 N. of the constellation कृत्तिका.
    -भु n. [अग्नेर्भवति; भू-क्विप् ह्रस्वान्तः]
    1 water.
    -2 gold.
    -भू a. [अग्नेर्भवतिः भू-क्विप्] produced from fire.
    (भूः) 1 'fire-born,' N. of Kārttikeya.
    -2 N. of a teacher (काश्यप) who was taught by Agni.
    -3 (arith.) six.
    -भूति a. produced from fire. (
    -तिः) [अग्निरिव भूतिरैश्वर्यं यस्य] N. of a pupil of the last Tīrthaṅkara. (
    -तिः) f. the lustre or might of fire.
    -भ्राजस् a. Ved. [अग्निरिव भ्राजते; भ्राज्-असुन्] shining like fire. अग्निभ्राजसो विद्युतः Ṛv.5.54.11.
    -मणिः [अग्नेरुत्थापको मणिः शाक. त.] the sunstone.
    -मथ् m. [अग्निं मथ्नाति निष्पादयति; मन्थ्-क्विप्- नलोपः]
    1 the sacrificer who churns the fuel-stick.
    -2 the Mantra used in this operation, on the अरणि itself.
    -मन्थः, -न्थनम्, producing fire by friction; or the Mantra used in this operation. (
    -न्थः) [अग्निर्मथ्यते अनेन मन्थ्-करणे घञ्] N. of a tree गणिकारिका (Mar. नरवेल) Premna Spinosa (तत्काष्ठयोर्घर्षणे हि आशु वह्निरुत्पद्यते),
    -मान्द्यम् slowness of digestion, loss of appetite, dyspepsia.
    -मारुतिः अग्निश्च मरुच्च तयोरपत्यं इञ् ततो वृद्धिः इत् च; द्विपदवृद्धौ पृषो. पूर्वपदस्य ह्रस्वः Tv.] N. of the sage Agastya.
    -मित्रः N. of a king of the Śunga dynasty, son of Puṣypamitra who must have flourished before 15 B. C. -the usually accepted date of Patañjali-as the latter mentions पुष्यमित्र by name.
    -मुखः a. having Agni at the head. (
    -खः) [अग्निर्मुखमिव यस्य]
    1 a deity, god, (for the gods receive oblations through Agni who is, therefore, said to be their mouth; अग्निमुखा वै देवाः; अग्निर्मुखं प्रथमं देवतानाम् &c; or अग्निर्मुखे अग्रे येषाम्, for fire is said to have been created before all other gods.)
    -2 [अग्निर्मुखं प्रधानमुपास्यो यस्य] one who maintains the sacred fire (अग्निहोतृद्विज)
    -3 a Brāhmaṇa in general (अग्निर्दाहकत्वात् शापाग्निर्मुखे यस्य for Brāhmaṇas are said to be वाग्वज्राः).
    -4 N. of two plants चित्रक Plumbago Zeylanica and भल्लातक Semicarpus Anacardium अग्निरिव स्पर्शात् दुःखदायकं मुखमग्रम् यस्य, तन्निर्यासस्पर्शेन हि देहे क्षतोत्पत्तेस्थयोस्तथात्वम्)
    -5 a sort of powder or चूर्ण prescribed as a tonic by चक्रदत्त
    -6 'fire- mouthed, sharp-biting, an epithet of a bug. Pt. 1. (
    -खी) अग्निरिव मुखमग्रं यस्याः; गौरादि-ङीष्]
    1 N. of a plant भल्लातक (Mar. बिबवा, भिलावा) and लाङ्गलिका (विषलाङ्गला).
    -2 N. of the Gāyatri Mantra (अग्निरेव मुखं मुखत्वेन कल्पितं यस्याः सा, or अग्नेरिव मुखं प्रजापतिमुखं उत्पत्ति- द्वारं यस्याः, अग्निना समं प्रजापतिमुखजातत्वात्; कदाचिदपि नो विद्वान् गायत्रीमुदके जपेत् । गायत्र्याग्निमुखी यस्मात्तस्मादुत्थाय तां जपेत् ॥ गोभिल).
    -3 a kitchen [पाकशाला अग्निरिव उत्तप्तं मुखं यस्याः सा].
    -मूढ a. [तृ. त.] Ved. made insane or stupefied by lightning or fire.
    -यन्त्रम् A gun अग्नियन्त्रधरैश्चक्रधरैश्च पुरुषैर्वृतः Śivabhārata 12.17.
    -यानम् An aeroplane. व्योमयानं विमानं स्यात् अग्नियानं तदेव हि । अगस्त्यसंहिता.
    -योगः See पञ्चाग्निसाधन. अग्नियोगवहो ग्रीष्मे विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा । चीर्त्वा द्वादशवर्षाणि राजा भवति पार्थिवः ॥ Mb.13.14,2.43.
    -योजनम् causing the sacrificial fire to blaze up.
    -रक्षणम् 1 con- secrating or preserving the sacred (domestic) fire or अग्निहोत्र.
    -2 [अग्निः रक्ष्यते अनेन अत्र वा] a Mantra securing for Agni protection from evil spirits &c.
    -3 the house of an अग्निहोतृ.
    -रजः, -रजस् m. [अग्निरिव रज्यते दीप्यते; रञ्ज्-असुन् नलोपः]
    1 a scarlet insect by name इन्द्रगोप.
    -2 (अग्नेः रजः) the might or power of Agni.
    -3 gold. Mb.3. 16.86.7
    -रहस्यम् mystery of (worshipping &c.) Agni; N. of the tenth book of Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa.
    -राशिः a heap of fire, burning pile.
    -रुहा [अग्निरिव रोहति रुह्-क] N. of the plant मांसादनी or मांसरोहिणी (तदङ्कुरस्य वह्नितुल्य- वर्णतया उत्पन्नत्वात्तथात्वं तस्याः).
    -रूप a. [अग्नेरिव रूपं वर्णो यस्य] fire-shaped; of the nature of fire.
    -रूपम् the nature of fire.
    -रेतस् n. the seed of Agni; (hence) gold.
    -रोहिणी [अग्निरिव रोहति; रुह्-णिनि] a hard inflammatory swelling in the armpit.
    -लोकः the world a Agni, which is situated below the summit of Meru; in the Purāṇas it is said to be in the अन्तरिक्ष, while in the Kāśī Khaṇḍa it is said to be to the south of इन्द्रपुरी; एतस्या दक्षिणे भागे येयं पूर्दृश्यते शुभा । इमामर्चिष्मतीं पश्य वीतिहोत्रपुरीं शुभाम् ॥
    -वधूः Svāhā, the daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Agni
    -वर्चस् a. [अग्नेर्वर्च इव वर्चो यस्य] glowing or bright like fire. (n.) the lustre of Agni. (-m.) N. of a teacher of the Purāṇas.
    -वर्ण a. [अग्नेरिव वर्णो यस्य] of the colour of fire; hot; fiery; सुरां पीत्वा द्विजो मोहादग्निवर्णां सुरां पिबेत् Ms.11.9; गोमूत्रमग्निवर्णं वा पिबेदुदकमेव वा 91.
    (र्णः) 1 N. of a prince, son of Sudarśana.
    -2 N. of a King of the solar race, See R.19.1. the colour of fire. (
    -र्णा) a strong liquor.
    -वर्धक a. stimulating digestion, tonic.
    (-कः) 1 a tonic.
    -2 regimen, diet (पथ्याहार).
    -वल्लभः [अग्नेर्वल्लभः सुखेन दाह्यत्वात्]
    1 the Śāla tree, Shorea Robusta.
    -2 the resinous juice of it.
    -वासस् a. [अग्निरिव शुद्धं वासो यस्य] having a red (pure like Agni) garment. (n.) a pure garment.
    -वाह a. [अग्निं वाहयति अनुमापयति वा]
    1 smoke.
    -2 a goat.
    -वाहनम् a goat (छाग).
    -विद् m.
    1 one who knows the mystery about Agni.
    -2 an अग्निहोत्रिन् q. v.
    -विमोचनम् ceremony of lowering the sacrificial fire.
    -विसर्पः pain from an inflamed tumour, inflammation.
    -विहरणम्, -विहारः 1 taking the sacrificial fire from आग्नीध्र to the उत्तरवेदि.
    -2 offering oblations to fire; प्रत्यासन्ना ˚वेला K.348.
    -वीर्यम् 1 power or might of Agni.
    -2 gold.
    -वेतालः Name of Vetāla (connected with the story of Vikra- māditya).
    -वेशः [अग्नेर्वेश इव] N. of an ancient medical authority (चरक).
    -वेश्मन् m. the fourteenth day of the karma-ṃāsa; Sūryaprajñapti.
    -वेश्यः 1 N. of a teacher, Mbh.
    -2 Name of the 22nd muhūrta; Sūryapraj- ñapti. धौम्य cf. Mb 14.64.8.
    -शरणम्, -शाला-लम् a fire-sanctuary; ˚मार्गमादेशय Ś.5; a house or place for keeping the sacred fire; ˚रक्षणाय स्थापितो$हम् V.3.
    -शर्मन् a. [अग्निरिव शृणाति तीव्रकोपत्वात् शॄ-मनिन्] very passionate. (-m.) N. of a sage.
    -शिख a. [अग्नेरिव अग्निरिव वा शिखा यस्य] fiery, fire-crested; दहतु ˚खैः सायकैः Rām.
    (-खः) 1 a lamp.
    -2 a rocket, fiery arrow.
    -3 an arrow in general.
    -4 safflower plant.
    -5 saffron.
    -6 जाङ्गलीवृक्ष.
    (-खम्) 1 saffron.
    -2 gold.
    (-खा) 1 a flame; शरैरग्निशिखोपमैः Mb.
    -2 N. of two plants लाङ्गली (Mar. वागचबका or कळलावी) Gloriosa Superba; of other plants (also Mar. कळलावी) Meni- spermum Cordifolium.
    -शुश्रूषा careful service or worship of fire.
    -शेखर a. fire-crested. (
    -रः) N. of the कुसुम्भ, कुङ्कुम and जाङ्गली trees (
    -रम्) gold,
    -शौच a. [अग्नेरिव शौचं यस्य] bright as fire; purified by fire K.252.
    -श्री a. [अग्नेरिव श्रीर्यस्य] glowing like fire; lighted by Agni
    -ष्टुत्, -ष्टुभ, -ष्टोम &c. see ˚ स्तुत्, ˚स्तुभ् &c.
    -ष्ठम् 1 kitchen; अग्निष्ठेष्वग्निशालासु Rām.6.1.16.
    -2 a fire-pan.
    -संयोगाः explosives. Kau. A.2.3.
    -ष्वात्तः see स्वात्तः
    -संस्कारः 1 consecration of fire.
    -2 hallowing or con- secrating by means of fire; burning on the funeral pile; यथार्हं ˚रं मालवाय दत्वा Dk.169; नास्य कार्यो$ग्निसंस्कारः Ms.5.69, पितरीवाग्निसंस्कारात्परा ववृतिरे क्रियाः । R.12.56.
    -सखः; -सहायः 1 the wind.
    -2 the wild pigeon (smoke- coloured).
    -3 smoke.
    -सम्भव a. [प. ब.] sprung or pro- duced from fire.
    (-वः) 1 wild safflower.
    -2 lymph, result of digestion. (
    -वम्) gold.
    -साक्षिक [अग्निः साक्षी यत्र, कप्] a. or adv. keeping fire for a witness, in the presence of fire; पञ्चबाण˚ M.4.12. ˚मर्यादो भर्ता हि शरणं स्त्रियाः H.1.v. l, R.11.48.
    -सारम् [अग्नौ सारं यस्य अत्यन्तानलोत्तापनेपि सारांशादहनात् Tv.] रसाञ्जन, a sort of medical preparation for the eyes. (
    -रः -रम्) power or essence of fire.
    -सुतः Kārttikeya; त्वामद्य निहनिष्यामि क्रौञ्चमग्निसुतो यथा । Mb.7.156.93.
    -सूत्रम् a thread of fire.
    -2 a girdle of sacrificial grass (मौञ्जीमेखला) put upon a young Brāhmaṇa at the time of investiture.
    -सूनुः (See -सुतः), (सेनानीरग्निभूर्गुहः । Amar.); देव्यङ्कसंविष्ट- मिवाग्निसूनुम् । Bu. ch.1.67.
    -स्तम्भः 1 stopping the burning power of Agni.
    -2 N. of a Mantra used in this operation.
    -3 N. of a medicine so used.
    -स्तुत् m. (अग्निष्टुत्) [अग्निः स्तूयते$त्र; स्तु-आधारे क्विप् षत्वम्] the first day of the Agniṣṭoma sacrifice; N. of a por- tion of that sacrifice which extends over one day; यजेत वाश्वमेधेन स्वर्जिता गोसवेन वा । अभिजिद्विश्वजिद्भ्यां वा त्रिवृता- ग्निष्टुतापि वा ॥ Ms.11.74.
    -स्तुभ् (˚ष्टुभ्) m. [अग्निः स्तुभ्यते$त्र; स्तुभ्-क्विप् षत्वम्]
    1 = अग्निष्टोम.
    -2 N. of a son of the sixth Manu.
    -रतोमः (˚ष्टोमः) [अग्नेः स्तोमः स्तुतिसाधनं यत्र]
    1 N. of a protracted ceremony or sacrificeial rite extending over several days in spring and forming an essential part of the ज्योतिष्टोम.
    -2 a Mantra or Kalpa with reference to this sacrifice; ˚मे भवो मन्त्रः ˚मः; ˚मस्य व्याख्यानम्, कल्पः ˚मः P.IV.3.66. Vārt.
    -3 N. of the son of the sixth Manu.
    -4 a species of the Soma plant; ˚सामन् a part of the Sāma Veda chanted at the conclu- sion of the Agniṣṭoma sacrifice.
    -सावर्णिः Name of Manu.
    -स्थ a. (ष्ठ) [अग्नौ स्थातुमर्हति; स्था-क षत्वम्] placed in, over, or near the fire. (ष्ठः) an iron frying-pan; in the अश्वमेध sacrifice the 11th Yūpa which of all the 21 is nearest the fire.
    -स्वात्तः (written both as ˚स्वात्त and ˚ष्वात्त) (pl.) [अग्नितः i. e. श्राद्धीयविप्रकर- रूपानलात् सुष्ठु आत्तं ग्रहणं येषां ते] N. of a class of Pitṛs or Manes who, when living on earth, maintained the sacred or domestic fires, but who did not perform the Agniṣṭoma and other sacrifices. They are regarded as Manes of Gods and Brāhmaṇas and also as descen- dants of Marīchi; Ms.3.195. अग्निष्वात्ताः पितर एह गच्छत Tsy.2.5.12.2. (मनुष्यजन्मन्यग्निष्टोमादियागमकृत्वा स्मार्तकर्मनिष्ठाः सन्तो मृत्वा च पितृत्वं गताः इति सायणः).
    -हुत्, -होतृ Ved. sacrificing to Agni, having Agni for a priest; Rv.1.66.8.
    -होत्रम् [अग्नये हूयते$त्र, हु-त्र, च. त.]
    1 an oblation to Agni (chiefly of milk, oil and sour gruel.).
    -2 maintenance of the sacred fire and offering oblation to it; (अग्नये होत्रं होमो$स्मिन् कर्मणीति अग्निहोत्रमिति कर्मनाम); or the sacred fire itself; तपोवनाग्निहोत्रधूमलेखासु K.26. होता स्यात् ˚त्रस्य Ms.11.36. ˚त्रमुपासते 42; स्त्रीं दाहयेत् ˚त्रेण Ms.5.167,6.4, दाहयित्वाग्निहोत्रेण स्त्रियं वृत्तवतीम् Y.1.89. The time of throwing oblations into the fire is, as ordained by the sun himself, evening (अग्नये सायं जुहुयात् सूर्याय प्रातर्जुहुयात्). Agnihotra is of two kinds; नित्य of constant obligation (यावज्जीवमग्निहोत्रं जुहोति) and काम्य occasional or optional (उपसद्भिश्चरित्वा मासमेकमग्निहोत्रं जुहोति). (
    -त्र) a. Ved.
    1 destined for, connected with, Agnihotra.
    -2 sacrificing to Agni. ˚न्यायः The rule according to which the नित्यकर्मन्s (which are to be performed यावज्जीवम्) are performed at their stipulated or scheduled time only, during one's life time. This is discussed and established by जैमिनि and शबर at Ms.6. 2.23-26. in connection with अग्निहोत्र and other कर्मन्s. ˚हवनी (णी) a ladle used in sacrificial libations, or अग्निहोत्रहविर्ग्रहणी ऋक् Tv.; See हविर्ग्रहणी; ˚हुत् offering the अग्निहोत्र; ˚आहुतिः invocation or oblation connected with अग्निहोत्र.
    -होत्रिन् a. [अग्निहोत्र-मत्वर्थे इनि]
    1 one who practises the Agnihotra, or consecrates and maintains the sacred fire.
    -2 one who has prepared the sacrifi- cial place.
    -होत्री Sacrificial cow; तामग्निहोत्रीमृषयो जगृहु- र्ब्रह्मवादिनः Bhāg.8.8.2.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अग्निः _agniḥ

  • 18 машинное оборудование

    1. machinery

     

    машинное оборудование
    термин " машинное оборудование" означает:
    - сборочную единицу, состоящую из соединенных частей или компонентов, по крайней мере, одна из которых находится в движении, имеет соответствующие приводы, схему управления, цепь питания, и т.д., соединенные вместе с целью специального применения, в частности, для производства, обработки, перемещения или упаковки материала;
    - группу машин, которые для достижения той же цели организованы и управляется таким образом, что они функционируют как единое целое;
    - взаимозаменяемое оборудование, модифицирующее функции машины, которое отдельно поставляется на рынок и предназначено для установки на машине или на серии различных машин или на приводном устройстве самим оператором, при условии, что данное оборудование не является запасной частью или инструментом.
    [Директива 98/37/ЕЭС по машинному оборудованию]

    EN

    machinery
    ‘machinery’ means:
    — an assembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate
    actuators, control and power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific application, in particular
    for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material,
    — an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole,
    — interchangeable equipment modifying the function of a machine, which is placed on the market for the purpose of being assembled with a machine or a series of different machines or with a tractor by the operator himself in so far as this equipment is not a spare part or a tool
    [DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    3. The following are excluded from the scope of this Directive:

    3. Из области применения данной Директивы исключаются:

    — machinery whose only power source is directly applied manual effort, unless it is a machine used for lifting or lowering loads,

    - машинное оборудование, для которых источником энергии является исключительно непосредственное применение ручной силы, за исключением механизмов для подъема и опускания грузов;

    — machinery for medical use used in direct contact with patients,

    - медицинские приборы;

    — special equipment for use in fairgrounds and/or amusement parks,

    - специальное оборудование для использования в аттракционах и/или парках для развлечений;

    — steam boilers, tanks and pressure vessels,

    - паровые котлы, резервуары и сосуды под давлением;

    — machinery specially designed or put into service for nuclear purposes which, in the event of failure, may result in an emission of radioactivity,

    - машинное оборудование, специально сконструированное или используемое в атомной отрасли, которые в случае аварии могут привести к выделению радиоактивных веществ;

    — radioactive sources forming part of a machine,

    - радиоактивные источники, составляющие часть машин;

    — firearms,

    - стрелковое оружие;

    — storage tanks and pipelines for petrol, diesel fuel, inflammable liquids and dangerous substances,

    - емкости для хранения или трубопроводы для бензина, дизельного топлива, огнеопасных жидкостей и опасных веществ;

    — means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or on road, rail or water networks, as well as means of transport in so far as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, on public road or rail networks or on water. Vehicles used in the mineral extraction industry shall not be excluded,

    - транспортные средства, т.е. средства перевозки и их прицепы, предназначенные исключительно для перевозки пассажиров по воздуху, автодороге, железной дороге, или водными путями, а также транспортные средства, сконструированные для транспортировки грузов по воздуху, по общедоступным дорогам, железным дорогам или водным путям. Средства транспортировки, используемые в горнодобывающей промышленности, не исключаются из области применения настоящей Директивы;

    — seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units,

    - морские суда и мобильные береговые агрегаты вместе с оборудованием на борту, такие как танки или установки;

    — cableways, including funicular railways, for the public or private transportation of persons,

    - канатные дороги, включая фуникулерные железные дороги для общественного или частного пользования, предназначенные для транспортировки людей;

    — agricultural and forestry tractors, as defined in Article 1(1) of Directive 74/150/EEC (1),

    (1) Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 84, 28.3.1974, p. 10). Directive as last amended by Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC (OJ L 1.1.1995, p. 1).

    -сельскохозяйственные и лесные тракторы, подпадающие под определение статьи 1 (1) Директивы Совета 74/150/ЕЭС(1);

    (1) Директива Совета 74/150/ЕЭС от 4 марта 1974 г. по сближению законодательных актов Государств-членов, относящихся к одобрению типов колесных сельскохозяйственных или лесных тракторов (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 84, 28.3.1974 г., стр.10). Директива, измененная последний раз Решением 95/1/ЕЭС, Евроатом, ECSC (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 1/1/1995 г., стр 1)

    — machines specially designed and constructed for military or police purposes,

    - машины, специально сконструированные и созданные для военных и полицейских целей;

    — lifts which permanently serve specific levels of buildings and constructions, having a car moving between guides which are rigid and inclined at an angle of more than 15 degrees to the horizontal and designed for the transport of:
    (i) persons;
    (ii) persons and goods;
    (iii) goods alone if the car is accessible, that is to say, a person may enter it without difficulty, and fitted with controls situated inside the car or within reach of a person inside,

    - лифты и подъемные устройства, постоянно обслуживающие определенные уровни зданий и конструкций, имеющие транспортную тележку, движущуюся между жесткими направляющими, которые имеют угол наклона более 15 градусов к горизонтальной поверхности и сконструированы для транспортировки:
    (i) людей;
    (ii) людей и имущества;
    (iii) только имущества, в том случае, если кабина лифта открыта, т.е. человек может легко войти в такое транспортное средство и манипулировать средствами управления, находящимися внутри кабины или в пределах досягаемости для человека;

    — means of transport of persons using rack and pinion rail mounted vehicles,

    - транспортные средства для перевозки людей, с использованием зубчатых или реечных рельс, по которым перемещается транспортные средства;

    — mine winding gear,

    - шахтные канатные подъемные устройства;

    — theatre elevators,

    - театральные подъемники;

    — construction site hoists intended for lifting persons or persons and goods.

    - строительные подъемники, предназначенные для подъема людей или людей и грузов.

    4. Where, for machinery or safety components, the risks referred to in this Directive are wholly or partly covered by specific Community Directives, this Directive shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, in the case of such machinery or safety components and of such risks on the implementation of these specific Directives.

    4. Когда для машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности риски, определенные в настоящей Директиве, полностью или частично покрываются специальными Директивами Сообщества, настоящая Директива не применяется или прекращает свое действие, такое машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности и такие риски подпадают под действие этих специальных Директив.

    5. Where, for machinery, the risks are mainly of electrical origin, such machinery shall be covered exclusively by Directive 73/23/EEC (2).

    (2) Council Directive 73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (OJ L 77, 26.3.1973, p. 29). Directive as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1).

    5. Когда риски применения машинного оборудования связаны с электрическими источниками, то такое оборудование охватываются исключительно Директивой 73/23/ЕЭС(2).

    (2) Директива Совета 73/23/ЕЭС/ от 19 февраля 1973 года о гармонизации законов Государств-Участников в отношении электрооборудования, предназначенного для использования в условиях определенных пределов напряжения (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 77, 26.03.1973, стр. 29). Директива с последней поправкой Директивой 93/68/ЕЭС (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 220, 30.08.1993, стр.1).

    Article 2
    1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that machinery or safety components covered by this Directive may be placed on the market and put into service only if they do not endanger the health or safety of persons and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, when properly installed and maintained and used for their intended purpose.

    Статья 2
    1. Государства - члены должны предпринимать все необходимые меры для обеспечения того, чтобы машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, попадающие под действие настоящей Директивы, поставлялись на рынок и вводились в эксплуатацию, только если они не составляют угрозу для здоровья и безопасности людей и домашних животных, или имуществу при условии надлежащей установки и обслуживания, а также использования по прямому назначению.

    2. This Directive shall not affect Member States’ entitlement to lay down, in due observance of the Treaty, such requirements as they may deem necessary to ensure that persons and in particular workers are protected when using the machinery or safety components in question, provided that this does not mean that the machinery or safety components are modified in a way not specified in the Directive.

    2. Настоящая Директива не ограничивает права Государств - членов устанавливать при должном соблюдении Договора такие требования, которые они посчитают необходимыми для обеспечения защиты людей, особенно работников, при использовании машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, при условии, что модификация такого машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности была произведена в соответствии с положениями настоящей Директивы.

    3. At trade fairs, exhibitions, demonstrations, etc., Member States shall not prevent the showing of machinery or safety components which do not conform to the provisions of this Directive, provided that a visible sign clearly indicates that such machinery or safety components do not conform and that they are not for sale until they have been brought into conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community. During demonstrations, adequate safety measures shall be taken to ensure the protection of persons.

    3. На торговых ярмарках, выставках, демонстрациях и т.п. Государства - члены не должны препятствовать демонстрации машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, которые не соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, при условии, что видимый знак четко указывает, что такое машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности не соответствуют данной Директиве, и что они не предназначаются для продажи до тех пор, пока изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не приведет их в полное соответствие с Директивой. Во время демонстраций должны приниматься адекватные меры для обеспечения безопасности граждан.

    Article 3
    Machinery and safety components covered by this Directive shall satisfy the essential health and safety requirements set out in Annex I.

    Статья 3
    Машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы, должны полностью удовлетворять основным требованиям по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности, изложенным в Приложении 1.

    Article 4
    1. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market and putting into service in their territory of machinery and safety components which comply with this Directive.

    Статья 4
    1. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, а также компонентов безопасности, которые соответствуют
    требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    2. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of machinery where the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community declares in accordance with point B of Annex II that it is intended to be incorporated into machinery or assembled with other machinery to constitute machinery covered by this Directive, except where it can function independently.

    ‘Interchangeable equipment’, as referred to in the third indent of Article 1(2)(a), must in all cases bear the CE marking and be accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A.

    2. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, если изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе заявляет в соответствии с Приложением II B, что они предназначены для включения в машинное оборудование или компоноваться с другим оборудованием, так, что в соединении они составят машинное оборудование, отвечающее требованиям настоящей Директивы, за исключением тех случаев, когда они могут функционировать независимо.

    "Взаимозаменяемое оборудование" в смысле третьего абзаца с черточкой в Статье 1 (2) (a) должно во всех случаях иметь маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаться декларацией соответствия, определенной в Приложении II, пункте А.

    3. Member States may not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of safety components as defined in Article 1(2) where they are accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community as referred to in Annex II, point C.

    3. Государства - члены не имеют права запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать распространению на рынке компонентов безопасности, определенных Статьей 1 (2), если эти компоненты сопровождаются декларацией соответствия ЕС, заявленной изготовителем или его уполномоченным представителем в Сообществе, как определено в Приложении II, пункте С.

    Article 5
    1. Member States shall regard the following as conforming to all the provisions of this Directive, including the procedures for checking the conformity provided for in Chapter II:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking and accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A,
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point C.

    Статья 5
    1. Государства - члены должны считать нижеследующее соответствующим всем положениям настоящей Директивы, включая процедуры проверки соответствия, предусмотренной в Главе II:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаемое декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте A;
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте C.

    При отсутствии гармонизированных стандартов Государства - члены должны предпринимать любые меры, которые они сочтут необходимыми, для привлечения внимания заинтересованных сторон к существующим национальным техническим стандартам и спецификациям, которые считаются важными или относятся к выполнению основных требований по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности в соответствии с Приложением 1.

    2. Where a national standard transposing a harmonised standard, the reference for which has been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, covers one or more of the essential safety requirements, machinery or safety components constructed in accordance with this standard shall be presumed to comply with the relevant essential requirements.
    Member States shall publish the references of national standards transposing harmonised standards.

    2. В тех случаях, когда национальный стандарт, заменяющий гармонизированный стандарт, ссылка на который была опубликована в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, покрывает одно или несколько основных требований безопасности, машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, сконструированные в соответствии с таким стандартом, должны считаться соответствующими основным требованиям.
    Государства - члены должны публиковать ссылки на национальные стандарты, заменяющие гармонизированные стандарты.

    3. Member States shall ensure that appropriate measures are taken to enable the social partners to have an influence at national level on the process of preparing and monitoring the harmonised standards.

    3. Государства - члены должны обеспечивать принятие необходимых мер для того, чтобы их социальные партнеры получали возможность влиять на национальном уровне на процессы подготовки и отслеживания гармонизированных стандартов.

    Article 6
    1. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the harmonised standards referred to in Article 5(2) do not entirely satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3, the Commission or the Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the committee set up under Directive 83/189/EEC, giving the reasons therefor. The committee shall deliver an opinion without delay.
    Upon receipt of the committee’s opinion, the Commission shall inform the Member States whether or not it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the published information referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 6
    1. В случае, если Государство - член или Комиссия считают, что гармонизированные стандарты, рассмотренные в Статье 5 (2), не полностью соответствуют основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3, Комиссия или заинтересованное Государство - член должны поставить этот вопрос на рассмотрение комитета, созданного в соответствии с Директивой 83/189/ЕЭС, обосновав причины такого обращения. Комитет должен безотлагательно вынести решение.
    После получения такого решения комитета Комиссия должна информировать Государства – члены, необходимо или нет отозвать эти стандарты из опубликованной информации, определенной в Статье 5 (2).

    2. A standing committee shall be set up, consisting of representatives appointed by the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.

    The standing committee shall draw up its own rules of procedure.

    Any matter relating to the implementation and practical application of this Directive may be brought before the standing committee, in accordance with the following procedure:

    The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.

    The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes.
    The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee.
    It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account.

    2. Должен быть создан постоянно действующий комитет, состоящий из представителей, назначенных Государствами – членами, и возглавляемый представителем Комиссии.

    Постоянно действующий комитет будет сам устанавливать порядок действий и процедуры.

    Любой вопрос, относящийся к выполнению и практическому применению настоящей Директивы, может быть поставлен на рассмотрение постоянно действующего комитета, в соответствии со следующими правилами:

    Представитель Комиссии должен представить комитету проект предполагаемых к принятию мер. Комитет должен выразить свое мнение по проекту за время, установленное председателем в соответствии со срочностью вопроса, при необходимости определяемого путем голосования.

    Это мнение должно быть зафиксировано в протоколе; кроме того, каждое Государство - член имеет право потребовать отразить свою позицию в протоколе. Комиссия должна максимально учитывать мнение, вынесенное комитетом.
    Она должна проинформировать комитет, каким образом было учтено его мнение.

    Article 7
    1. Where a Member State ascertains that:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking, or
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity, used in accordance with their intended purpose are liable to endanger the safety of persons, and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, it shall take all appropriate measures to withdraw such machinery or safety components from the market, to prohibit the placing on the market, putting into service or use thereof, or to restrict free movement thereof.

    Member States shall immediately inform the Commission of any such measure, indicating the reason for its decision and, in particular, whether non-conformity is due to:
    (a) failure to satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3;
    (b) incorrect application of the standards referred to in Article 5(2);
    (c) shortcomings in the standards themselves referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 7
    1. Если Государство - член устанавливает, что:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ", либо
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, используемые в соответствии с их назначением, могут нести угрозу безопасности людям, и, если это имеет место, домашним животным или собственности, оно должно принять все необходимые меры для изъятия такого машинного оборудования, либо компонентов безопасности с рынка, запретить их поставку на рынок, ввод в эксплуатацию или использование, либо ограничить их свободное обращение.

    Государства - члены должны немедленно информировать Комиссию о любых подобных мерах, указать причины такого решения и, в особенности, информировать о том, явилось ли это несоответствие результатом:
    a) неспособности удовлетворить основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3;
    b) неправильного применения стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п.2);
    c) недостатков самих стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п. 2).

    2. The Commission shall enter into consultation with the parties concerned without delay. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the measure is justified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the other Member States. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the action is unjustified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community.

    Where the decision referred to in paragraph 1 is based on a shortcoming in the standards, and where the Member State at the origin of the decision maintains its position, the Commission shall immediately inform the committee in order to initiate the procedures referred to in Article 6(1).

    2. Комиссия должна безотлагательно провести консультацию с заинтересованными сторонами. В случае, если после проведения такой консультации, Комиссия полагает, что такая мера обоснована, она должна немедленно информировать об этом Государство - член, которое выдвинуло эту инициативу, а также остальные Государства - члены. Если Комиссия после проведения такой консультации полагает, что действия не были обоснованными, она немедленно извещает об этом Государство - член, проявившее инициативу, и изготовителя, либо его уполномоченного представителя в Сообществе.

    Если решение, указанное в параграфе 1, основано на недостатках в стандартах, и если Государство - член на основании такого решения сохраняет свои позиции, то Комиссия должна немедленно информировать комитет для того, чтобы начать процедуры, описанные в Статье 6 (п. 1).

    3. Where:
    — machinery which does not comply bears the CE marking,
    — a safety component which does not comply is accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity,
    the competent Member State shall take appropriate action against whom so ever has affixed the marking or drawn up the declaration and shall so inform the Commission and other Member States.

    3. Если:
    - машинное оборудование, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют маркировку "СЕ",
    - компоненты безопасности, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют декларацию соответствия ЕС,
    компетентное Государство - член должно начать соответствующие действия против любого, кто поставил маркировку, или составил декларацию, и должно проинформировать об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    4. The Commission shall ensure that Member States are kept informed of the progress and outcome of this procedure.

    4. Комиссия должна обеспечить, чтобы Государства – члены были постоянно информированы о ходе и результатах данной процедуры.

    CHAPTER II
    CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
    Article 8

    1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community must, in order to certify that machinery and safety components are in conformity with this Directive, draw up for all machinery or safety components manufactured an EC declaration of conformity based on the model given in Annex II, point A or C as appropriate.

    In addition, for machinery alone, the manufacturer or his authorised representatives established in the Community must affix to the machine the CE marking.

    Глава II
    Процедуры оценки соответствия
    Статья 8

    1. Для подтверждения того, что машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен составить декларацию ЕС о соответствии на произведенное машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности по образцу, приведенному в Приложении II, соответственно пунктам A или C.

    Корме того, на машинное оборудование изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен нанести маркировку "СЕ" в соответствии со Статьей 10.

    2. Before placing on the market, the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the Community, shall:
    (a) if the machinery is not referred to in Annex IV, draw up the file provided for in Annex V;
    (b) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and its manufacturer does not comply, or only partly complies, with the standards referred to in Article 5(2) or if there are no such standards, submit an example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI;
    (c) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and is manufactured in accordance with the standards referred to in Article 5(2):
    — either draw up the file referred to in Annex VI and forward it to a notified body, which will acknowledge receipt of the file as soon as possible and keep it,
    — submit the file referred to in Annex VI to the notified body, which will simply verify that the standards referred to in Article 5(2) have been correctly applied and will draw up a certificate of adequacy for the file,
    — or submit the example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI.

    2. Перед поставкой на рынок изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен:
    (a) в случае, если машинное оборудование не указано в Приложении IV, составить документацию, предусмотренную Приложением V;
    (b) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV, и их изготовитель не выполняет, либо выполняет лишь частично требования стандартов, упомянутых в Статье 5 (2), либо, если таких стандартов не существует, то представить образец машинного оборудования для его испытания ЕС, определенного в Приложении VI;
    (c) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV и изготовлено в соответствии со стандартами, определенными в Статье 5 (п. 2):
    - либо составить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, и передать ее нотифицированному органу, который подтверждает получение документации в возможно короткие сроки, а также сохраняет ее;
    - представить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, нотифицированному органу, который просто проверит, что стандарты, упомянутые в Статье 5 (2), были применены правильно и составит сертификат соответствия по этой документации;
    - либо представить образец машинного оборудования для испытания ЕС типового образца, определенного в Приложении VI.

    3. Where the first indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of the first sentence of paragraphs 5 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    Where the second indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    3. В тех случаях, когда может быть применен первый абзац параграфа 2 (с) этой Статьи должны также применяться положения первого предложения параграфов 5 и 7 Приложения VI.

    В тех случаях, когда может быть применен второй абзац пункта 2 (с), должны также применяться положения параграфов 5, 6 и 7 Приложения VI.

    4. Where paragraph 2(a) and the first and second indents of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall solely state conformity with the essential requirements of the Directive.

    Where paragraph 2(b) and the third indent of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall state conformity with the example that underwent EC type-examination.

    4. В тех случаях, когда применяется параграф 2 (а) и первый и второй абзацы параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие основным требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    В случае, когда применяется параграф 2 (b) и третий абзац параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие образцу, прошедшему испытание ЕС типового образца.

    5. Safety components shall be subject to the certification procedures applicable to machinery pursuant to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, during EC type-examination, the notified body shall verify the suitability of the safety component for fulfilling the safety functions declared by the manufacturer.

    5.Компоненты безопасности должны подвергаться процедурам сертификации, применимым к машинному оборудованию в соответствии с параграфами 2, 3, 4. Более того, во время испытания ЕС типового образца нотифицированный орган должен проверить пригодность компонентов безопасности для выполнения тех функций безопасности, которые заявлены изготовителем.

    6. (a) Where the machinery is subject to other Directives concerning other aspects and which also provide for the affixing of the CE marking, the latter shall indicate that the machinery is also presumed to conform to the provisions of those other Directives.
    (b) However, where one or more of those Directives allow the manufacturer, during a transitional period, to choose which arrangements to apply, the CE marking shall indicate conformity only to the Directives applied by the manufacturer. In this case, particulars of the Directives applied, as published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, must be given in the documents, notices or instructions required by the directives and accompanying such machinery.

    6. (a) В тех случаях, когда машинное оборудование подпадает под действие Директив по другим аспектам, которые также предусматривают нанесение маркировки "СЕ", последняя указывает, что такое машинное оборудование соответствуют положениям этих прочих директив.
    (b) Тем не менее, когда одна или несколько таких Директив позволяют изготовителям в течение переходного периода выбирать, какие из положений применить, маркировка "СЕ" будет указывать на соответствие только тем Директивам, которые применялись изготовителем. В этом случае подробная информация о примененных Директивах, опубликованных в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, должен приводиться в документах, аннотациях или инструкциях, требуемых в соответствии с Директивами, и сопровождать такое машинное оборудование.

    7. Where neither the manufacturer nor his authorised representative established in the Community fulfils the obligations of paragraphs 1 to 6, these obligations shall fall to any person placing the machinery or safety component on the market in the Community. The same obligations shall apply to any person assembling machinery or parts thereof or safety components of various origins or constructing machinery or safety components for his own use.

    7. Если ни изготовитель, ни его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не выполнят своих обязательств по предыдущим параграфам, то эти обязательства должны быть выполнены любыми лицами, поставляющими машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности на рынок Сообщества. Такие же обязательства возлагаются на любые лица, осуществляющие сборку машинного оборудования, либо его частей или компонентов безопасности различного происхождения, либо создающие машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности для собственного пользования.

    8. The obligations referred to in paragraph 7 shall not apply to persons who assemble with a machine or tractor interchangeable equipment as provided for in Article 1, provided that the parts are compatible and each of the constituent parts of the assembled machine bears the CE marking and is accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity.

    8. Обязательства, изложенные в параграфе 7, не применяются к лицам, которые собирают с машиной, механизмом или транспортным средством взаимозаменяемое оборудование, указанное в Статье 1, при условии, что эти части совместимы, и каждая из частей машины в сборе имеет маркировку "СЕ" и Декларацию ЕС о соответствии.

    Article 9
    1. Member States shall notify the Commission and the other Member States of the approved bodies which they have appointed to carry out the procedures referred to in Article 8 together with the specific tasks which these bodies have been appointed to carry out and the identification numbers assigned to them beforehand by the Commission.
    The Commission shall publish in the Official Journal of the European Communities a list of the notified bodies and their identification numbers and the tasks for which they have been notified. The Commission shall ensure that this list is kept up to date.

    Статья 9
    1. Государства - члены должны уведомить Комиссию и другие Государства - члены об утвержденных органах, которые назначаются для выполнения процедур, описанных в Статье 8, также как и для различных особых задач, которые этим органам предназначено выполнять, и об идентификационных номерах, предварительно присвоенных им Комиссией.

    В Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ Комиссия должна публиковать список таких нотифицированных органов и их идентификационные номера, а также задачи, для решения которых они предназначены. Комиссия должна обеспечить своевременность обновления списка.

    2. Member States shall apply the criteria laid down in Annex VII in assessing the bodies to be indicated in such notification. Bodies meeting the assessment criteria laid down in the relevant harmonised standards shall be presumed to fulfil those criteria.

    2. Государства - члены должны применять критерии, изложенные в Приложении VII, для определения органов, которые будут указаны в таких назначениях. Органы, удовлетворяющие критериям, изложенным в соответствующих гармонизированных стандартах, считаются соответствующими критериям.

    3. A Member State which has approved a body must withdraw its notification if it finds that the body no longer meets the criteria referred to in Annex VII. It shall immediately inform the Commission and the other Member States accordingly.

    3. Государство - член, утвердившее такой орган, должно отменить его назначение, если оно обнаружит, что он больше не соответствует критериям, изложенным в Приложении VII. Государство - член должно немедленно известить об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    CHAPTER III
    CE MARKING
    Article 10
    1. The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’. The form of the marking to be used is shown in Annex III.

    ГЛАВА III
    МАРКИРОВКА "СЕ"
    Статья 10
    1. Маркировка "СЕ" состоит из заглавных букв "СЕ". Форма маркировки, которая будет использоваться, указана в Приложении III.

    2. The CE marking shall be affixed to machinery distinctly and visibly in accordance with point 1.7.3 of Annex I.

    2. Маркировка "СЕ" должна наноситься на машинное оборудование четко, на видном месте в соответствии с пунктом 1.7.3. Приложения I.

    3. The affixing of markings on the machinery which are likely to deceive third parties as to the meaning and form of the CE marking shall be prohibited. Any other marking may be affixed to the machinery provided that the visibility and legibility of the CE marking is not thereby reduced.

    3. Нанесение маркировок на машинное оборудование таким образом, что это может ввести в заблуждение относительно значения и формы маркировки "СЕ", запрещено. Любые другие маркировки могут быть нанесены на машинное оборудование таким образом, чтобы не мешать видимости и различимости маркировки "СЕ".

    4. Without prejudice to Article 7:
    (a) where a Member State establishes that the CE marking has been affixed unduly, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall be obliged to make the product conform as regards the provisions concerning the CE marking and to end the infringement under the conditions imposed by the Member State;

    (b) where non-conformity continues, the Member State must take all appropriate measures to restrict or prohibit the placing on the market of the product in question or to ensure that it is withdrawn from the market in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7.

    4. Без ограничения применения Статьи 7:
    (a) если Государство - член устанавливает, что маркировка "СЕ" была нанесена неправильно, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе будет обязан привести продукцию в соответствии с положениями, касающимися маркировки "СЕ" и положить конец нарушениям на условиях, установленных Государством - членом;

    (b) если такое несоответствие будет продолжаться, то Государство - член должно принять все соответствующие меры для ограничения или запрещения поставки на рынок такой продукции, либо обеспечить изъятие ее с рынка в соответствии с процедурами, изложенными в Статье 7.

    CHAPTER IV
    FINAL PROVISIONS
    Article 11

    Any decision taken pursuant to this Directive which restricts the placing on the market and putting into service of machinery or a safety component shall state the exact grounds on which it is based. Such a decision shall be notified as soon as possible to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the legal remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member State concerned and of the time limits to which such remedies are subject.

    ГЛАВА IV
    ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
    Статья 11

    Любое решение, принятое в исполнение настоящей Директивы, ограничивающее поставку на рынок и ввод в эксплуатацию машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, должно указывать точные причины, на которых оно основано. Такое решение должно быть по возможности быстро доведено до сведения заинтересованных сторон, их также следует проинформировать о законных мерах, которые могут быть предприняты по действующему законодательству в соответствующем Государстве - члене и о сроках, в которые данные меры применяются.

    Article 12
    The Commission will take the necessary steps to have information on all the relevant decisions relating to the management of this Directive made available.

    Статья 12
    Комиссия предпримет все необходимые шаги для получения информации по всем соответствующим решениям, касающимся применения и распространения настоящей Директивы.

    Article 13
    1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.

    2. The Commission shall, before 1 January 1994, examine the progress made in the standardisation work relating to this Directive and propose any appropriate measures.

    Статья 13
    1. Государства - члены должны передать Комиссии тексты положений национальных законодательных актов, принимаемых в сфере, определяемой настоящей Директивой.

    2. Комиссия должна до 1 января 1994 г. изучить развитие работ по стандартизации, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы и предложить любые целесообразные меры.

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > машинное оборудование

  • 19 rebajar

    v.
    1 to reduce (price).
    te rebajo 10 euros I'll knock 10 euros off for you
    Pedro rebajó los precios Peter reduced the prices.
    2 to humiliate (person).
    María rebajó a sus empleados Mary humiliated her employees.
    3 to tone down.
    4 to lower (altura).
    5 to dilute.
    6 to lose weight.
    Pedro rebajó muy rápido Peter lost weight quickly.
    7 to rebate, to trim down, to sink, to trim.
    Ricardo rebajó los precios Richard rebated the prices.
    8 to have less.
    Me rebajó la fiebre I have less fever.
    * * *
    1 (nivel) to lower; (arco) to depress
    2 (precio) to cut, reduce
    3 (color) to soften, tone down; (intensidad) to diminish
    4 (bebida) to water down
    5 (comida - sazonamiento) to make milder; (- densidad) to make thinner, thin out
    6 figurado (humillar) to humiliate
    1 MILITAR to be exempted
    2 figurado (humillarse) to humble oneself
    \
    rebajarse a hacer algo to stoop to do something, lower oneself to do something
    rebajarse ante alguien to humble oneself before somebody
    * * *
    verb
    to reduce, lower
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=reducir)
    a) [en dinero] [+ impuesto, coste, precio] to reduce, cut, lower

    algunos bancos rebajaron ayer sus tipos de interéssome banks reduced o cut o lowered their interest rates yesterday

    le rebajaron el precio en un cinco por cientothey reduced o cut the price by five per cent, they took five per cent off

    ¿nos han rebajado algo? — have they taken something off?, have they given us a reduction o discount?

    b) [en tiempo] [+ condena, castigo] to reduce; [+ edad, límite] to lower

    rebajó la plusmarca mundial en 1,2 segundos — he took 1.2 seconds off the world record

    c) [en cantidad] [+ nivel, temperatura] to reduce, lower; [+ luz, tensión, intensidad] to reduce; [+ peso] to lose; [+ dolor] to ease, alleviate
    2) (=diluir) [+ líquido] to dilute; [+ pintura] to thin; [+ color] to tone down; [+ droga] to cut, adulterate
    3) (=bajar la altura de) [+ terreno] to lower, lower the level of; [+ tejado] to lower; [+ puerta] to rabbet
    4) (=humillar) to humiliate, put down

    rebajó a su mujer delante de sus amigoshe put his wife down o humiliated his wife in front of their friends

    5) (Mil) (=eximir) to exempt (de from)
    2.
    VI

    rebajar de peso Arg, Uru to slim, lose weight

    una dieta para rebajar de peso — a diet to lose weight, a slimming diet

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) < precio> to lower, bring... down; < artículo> to reduce

    me rebajó $200 — he took $200 off

    me lo rebajó a $3.500 — he brought the price down to $3,500

    2) <pintura/solución> to dilute, thin
    3)
    a) (achicar, acortar)

    rebajar un poco la puerta — to cut/saw/plane a little off the door

    b) < terreno> to lower (the level of)
    c) <peso/kilos> to lose
    4) ( humillar) to humiliate; ( bajar)
    2.
    rebajar vi ( humillar) to degrade, be degrading
    3.
    rebajarse v pron

    rebajarse a + inf — to lower oneself TO -ing

    * * *
    = be below + Posesivo + dignity, abase, humble, shave off, mark + Nombre + down.
    Ex. It was clear, though, that this author felt that the job had been below his dignity.
    Ex. Fairy tales not abased by the 'culture industry' might save us from our present state of barbarism resulting from a capitalism run wild.
    Ex. After nine long years, Pakistan's fourth military dictator, General Musharraf, had been humbled by the masses.
    Ex. You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.
    Ex. They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.
    ----
    * rebajar el precio = cut + price.
    * rebajar los precios = knock down + prices, slash + prices.
    * rebajarse = crawl.
    * rebajarse a = stoop to.
    * rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) < precio> to lower, bring... down; < artículo> to reduce

    me rebajó $200 — he took $200 off

    me lo rebajó a $3.500 — he brought the price down to $3,500

    2) <pintura/solución> to dilute, thin
    3)
    a) (achicar, acortar)

    rebajar un poco la puerta — to cut/saw/plane a little off the door

    b) < terreno> to lower (the level of)
    c) <peso/kilos> to lose
    4) ( humillar) to humiliate; ( bajar)
    2.
    rebajar vi ( humillar) to degrade, be degrading
    3.
    rebajarse v pron

    rebajarse a + inf — to lower oneself TO -ing

    * * *
    = be below + Posesivo + dignity, abase, humble, shave off, mark + Nombre + down.

    Ex: It was clear, though, that this author felt that the job had been below his dignity.

    Ex: Fairy tales not abased by the 'culture industry' might save us from our present state of barbarism resulting from a capitalism run wild.
    Ex: After nine long years, Pakistan's fourth military dictator, General Musharraf, had been humbled by the masses.
    Ex: You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.
    Ex: They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.
    * rebajar el precio = cut + price.
    * rebajar los precios = knock down + prices, slash + prices.
    * rebajarse = crawl.
    * rebajarse a = stoop to.
    * rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.

    * * *
    rebajar [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹precio› to lower, bring … down; ‹artículo› to reduce, bring down the price of
    me rebajó $200 he took $200 off, he reduced it by $200, he knocked $200 off ( colloq)
    me rebajó el cuadro a $3.500 he brought the price of the painting down to $3,500, he reduced the painting to $3,500
    pídele que te lo rebaje ask him to bring the price down o to give you a discount o ( colloq) to knock a bit off
    todos estaban rebajados they were all reduced
    B ‹pintura› to reduce, dilute, thin; ‹solución› to dilute, thin
    C
    1
    (achicar, acortar): hay que rebajar un poco la puerta we need to cut/saw/plane a little off the door
    rebajaron el terreno unos tres metros they lowered (the level of) the ground by about three meters
    2 (adelgazar) to lose
    rebajó 15 kilos he lost o shed 15 kilos
    3 ‹arco› to depress
    4 ( RPl) ‹pelo› to layer
    D
    1 (humillar) to humiliate
    la rebajó delante de todos he humiliated her o made her look small in front of everyone
    2
    (bajar): llamarlo hostal es rebajarlo de categoría calling it a guest house doesn't do it justice o makes it sound less grand than it really is
    el restaurante ha sido rebajado de categoría the restaurant has been relegated to a lower category o has been downgraded
    3 (dar de baja) to exempt
    lo rebajaron de guardias he was exempted from o relieved of guard duties
    ■ rebajar
    vi
    A (humillar) to degrade, be degrading
    B
    ( RPl) (adelgazar) tb rebajar de peso to lose weight
    rebajarse A + INF to lower oneself TO -ING
    no pienso rebajarme a pedirle perdón I'm not going to humble myself by asking him to forgive me, I'm not going to lower myself to o stoop to asking him to forgive me
    rebajarse ANTE algn to humble oneself BEFORE sb
    * * *

    rebajar ( conjugate rebajar) verbo transitivo
    1 precio to lower, bring … down;
    artículo to reduce;
    me rebajó $200 he took $200 off

    2peso/kilos to lose
    verbo intransitivo ( humillar) to degrade, be degrading
    rebajarse verbo pronominal rebajarse a hacer algo to lower oneself to doing sth;
    rebajarse ante algn to humble oneself before sb
    rebajar verbo transitivo
    1 (una superficie) to lower
    2 (un precio) to cut, reduce: nos ha rebajado dos mil pesetas, he has taken two thousand pesetas off
    hemos rebajado las camisas, we have cut the price of the shirts
    3 (una sustancia) to dilute
    (con agua) to water: rebajan el vino con agua, they water the wine
    (un color, tono) to soften
    4 (hacer disminuir) to diminish: la falta de empleo ha rebajado su autoestima, being unemployed has diminished his self-esteem
    5 (humillar) to humiliate: la corrupción rebaja a las personas, corruption degrades people
    6 (a un empleado, funcionario, etc) to downgrade: rebajaron a Gómez de categoría, Gómez was downgraded
    7 (una pena, multa) to reduce
    ' rebajar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    descontar
    English:
    bring down
    - cheapen
    - discount
    - knock down
    - lower
    - mark down
    - put down
    - reduce
    - slash
    - cut
    - debase
    - knock
    - mark
    - put
    - thin
    - work
    * * *
    vt
    1. [precio] to reduce;
    han rebajado los precios a la mitad prices have been reduced o cut by half;
    te rebajo 10 euros I'll knock 10 euros off for you;
    me rebajaron el 10 por ciento they gave me 10 percent off
    2. [humillar] to humiliate, to put down;
    se siente inferior, toda la vida lo rebajaron he feels inferior, people have always put him down throughout his life
    3. [intensidad] to tone down
    4. [altura] to lower;
    [acera, bordillo] to lower
    5. [diluir] to dilute
    6. Mil to exempt
    7. RP [adelgazar] to lose;
    rebajé 3 kilos en un mes I lost 3 kilos in a month
    8. RP [pelo] to layer
    vi
    RP [adelgazar] to lose weight
    * * *
    v/t precio lower, reduce; mercancías reduce; Rpl: peso lose
    * * *
    1) : to reduce, to lower
    2) : to lessen, to diminish
    3) : to humiliate
    * * *
    rebajar vb to reduce

    Spanish-English dictionary > rebajar

  • 20 Hansom, Joseph Aloysius

    SUBJECT AREA: Land transport
    [br]
    b. 26 October 1803 York, England
    d. 29 June 1883 Fulham, London, England
    [br]
    English architect and inventor, originator of the Hansom cab.
    [br]
    In 1816 he was apprenticed to his father, who was a joiner. After a year his abilities in design and construction were so marked that it was decided that he would have more scope as an architect. He was accordingly apprenticed to a Mr Phillips in York, becoming a clerk to Phillips in 1820. While he served his time he also worked on his own account and taught at a night school. In 1825 he married Hannah Glover and settled in Halifax, where he became Assistant to another architect. In 1828 he became a partner of Edward Welch, with whom he built a number of churches in the north of England. He designed the Town Hall for Birmingham and was responsible for the constructional work until 1833, but he had to become bond because the builders caused him to become bankrupt. He was appointed Manager of the business affairs of Dempster Hemming of Caldicote Hall, which included the landed estates, banking and coal-mining. It was during this period that he designed the "Patent Safety Cab" named after him and popular in Victorian days. The safety element consisted in lowering the centre of gravity by the use of the cranked axle. Hansom sold his rights for £10,000 to a company proposing to exploit the patent, but he was never paid, for the company got into difficulties; Hansom became its temporary Manager in 1839 and put matters right, for which he was paid £300, all he ever made out of the Hansom Cab. In 1842 he brought out the first issue of The Builder, but lack of capital caused him to retire from the journal. He devoted himself from then on to domestic and ecclesiastical architecture, designing many churches, colleges, convents and schools all over Britain and even in Australia and South America. Of note is St Walburga's church, Preston, Lancashire, whose spire is 306 ft (93 m) high. At various times he was in partnership with his younger brother, his eldest son, and with E.W.Pugin with whom he had a disagreement. He was a Catholic and much of his work was for the Catholic Church.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    1882, The Builder (8 July).
    1882, Illustrated London News (15 July).
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Hansom, Joseph Aloysius

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